Crutzen, Prof. Dr Paul, (born 3 Dec. 1933), Director, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Max-Planck Institute for Chemistry, Germany, 1980–2000

Abstract. A better characterisation of the optical properties of biomass burning aerosol as a function of the burning conditions is required in order to quantify their effects on climate and atmospheric chemistry. Controlled laboratory combustion experiments with different fuel types were carried out at the combustion facility of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (Mainz, Germany) as part of the 'Impact of Vegetation Fires on the Composition and Circulation of the Atmosphere' (EFEU) project. Using the measured size distributions as well as mass scattering and absorption efficiencies, Mie calculations provided mean effective refractive indices of 1.60−0.010i and 1.56−0.010i (λ=0.55 μm) for smoke particles emitted from the combustion of savanna grass and an African hardwood (musasa), respectively. The relatively low imaginary parts suggest that the light-absorbing carbon of the investigated fresh biomass burning aerosol is only partly graphitized, resulting in strongly scattering and less absorbing particles. While the observed variability in mass scattering efficiencies was consistent with changes in particle size, the changes in the mass absorption efficiency can only be explained, if the chemical composition of the particles varies with combustion conditions.

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From Atmospheric Chemistry to Earth System Science. Contributions to the recent history of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (Otto Hahn Institute), 1959–2000.

10.47261/1112 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Gregor Lax ◽

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Chemistry ◽

Recent History ◽

Earth System ◽

Max Planck ◽

Earth System Science ◽

System Science ◽

Otto Hahn ◽

History Of

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Uma revisão narrativa sobre artigos desenvolvidos no sítio experimental Amazon Tall Tower Observatory

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i14.21749 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (14) ◽

pp. e73101421749

Author(s):

Valkiria Andrade Costa

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Chemistry ◽

Max Planck ◽

Tall Tower

Este artigo teve o objetivo de fazer uma revisão narrativa através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os artigos desenvolvidos no sítio experimental Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO). Diante do banco de dados proposto pelo Instituto Max Planck, onde se tem todas as publicações revisadas por pares feitas dentro do sítio experimental ATTO desde 2012 até 2021. Então nesse banco de dados, encontrou-se 81 artigos revisados por pares, onde 12 foram classificados como área de pesquisa Estudos Ecológicos (EE), 15 como Condições Meteorológicas e Fluxos (CMF), 48 como Medições da Composição Atmosférica (MCA) e 6 caracterizados como Híbridos (H). O periódico com maior publicações deste projeto é a Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, tendo publicado 29 artigos desde 2012 até dia 24 de setembro de 2021. Então conclui-se que durante esses 9 anos de publicações, as pesquisas feitas no sítio experimental ATTO foram de grande importância para o entendimento dos efeitos das mudanças climáticas na Floresta Amazônica e espera-se um aumento crescente nessas pesquisas ao longo dos anos.

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Modelling the optical properties of fresh biomass burning aerosol produced in a smoke chamber: results from the EFEU campaign

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-8-3427-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (13) ◽

pp. 3427-3439 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

K. Hungershoefer ◽

K. Zeromskiene ◽

Y. Iinuma ◽

G. Helas ◽

J. Trentmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Properties ◽

Biomass Burning ◽

Atmospheric Chemistry ◽

Elemental Carbon ◽

Max Planck ◽

History Of ◽

Thermographic Analysis ◽

Biomass Burning Aerosol ◽

Smoke Chamber ◽

The Impact

Abstract. A better characterisation of the optical properties of biomass burning aerosol as a function of the burning conditions is required in order to quantify their effects on climate and atmospheric chemistry. Controlled laboratory combustion experiments with different fuel types were carried out at the combustion facility of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (Mainz, Germany) as part of the "Impact of Vegetation Fires on the Composition and Circulation of the Atmosphere" (EFEU) project. The combustion conditions were monitored with concomitant CO2 and CO measurements. The mass scattering efficiencies of 8.9±0.2 m2 g−1 and 9.3±0.3 m2 g−1 obtained for aerosol particles from the combustion of savanna grass and an African hardwood (musasa), respectively, are larger than typically reported mainly due to differences in particle size distribution. The photoacoustically measured mass absorption efficiencies of 0.51±0.02 m2 g−1 and 0.50±0.02 m2 g−1 were at the lower end of the literature values. Using the measured size distributions as well as the mass scattering and absorption efficiencies, Mie calculations provided effective refractive indices of 1.60−0.010i (savanna grass) and 1.56−0.010i (musasa) (λ=0.55 μm). The apparent discrepancy between the low imaginary part of the refractive index and the high apparent elemental carbon (ECa) fractions (8 to 15%) obtained from the thermographic analysis of impactor samples can be explained by a positive bias in the elemental carbon data due to the presence of high molecular weight organic substances. Potential artefacts in optical properties due to instrument bias, non-natural burning conditions and unrealistic dilution history of the laboratory smoke cannot be ruled out and are also discussed in this study.

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Revised mineral dust emissions in the atmospheric chemistry–climate model EMAC (MESSy 2.52 DU_Astitha1 KKDU2017 patch)

Geoscientific Model Development ◽

10.5194/gmd-11-989-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 989-1008 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Klaus Klingmüller ◽

Swen Metzger ◽

Mohamed Abdelkader ◽

Vlassis A. Karydis ◽

Georgiy L. Stenchikov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Cover ◽

Atmospheric Chemistry ◽

Input Data ◽

Climate Model ◽

Weather Prediction ◽

Clay Fraction ◽

Max Planck ◽

Data Set ◽

Moderate Resolution ◽

Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Abstract. To improve the aeolian dust budget calculations with the global ECHAM/MESSy atmospheric chemistry–climate model (EMAC), which combines the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) with the ECMWF/Hamburg (ECHAM) climate model developed at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg based on a weather prediction model of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), we have implemented new input data and updates of the emission scheme. The data set comprises land cover classification, vegetation, clay fraction and topography. It is based on up-to-date observations, which are crucial to account for the rapid changes of deserts and semi-arid regions in recent decades. The new Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-based land cover and vegetation data are time dependent, and the effect of long-term trends and variability of the relevant parameters is therefore considered by the emission scheme. All input data have a spatial resolution of at least 0.1∘ compared to 1∘ in the previous version, equipping the model for high-resolution simulations. We validate the updates by comparing the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm wavelength from a 1-year simulation at T106 (about 1.1∘) resolution with Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and MODIS observations, the 10 µm dust AOD (DAOD) with Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) retrievals, and dust concentration and deposition results with observations from the Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models (AeroCom) dust benchmark data set. The update significantly improves agreement with the observations and is therefore recommended to be used in future simulations.

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