scholarly journals Physiologic Specialization of Puccinia triticina on Wheat in the United States in 2004

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1219-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kolmer ◽  
D. L. Long ◽  
M. E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Virulence Phenotype ◽  
Common Phenotype

Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust-infected wheat leaves by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat fields and nurseries in the Great Plains, Ohio Valley, southeast, California, and Pacific Northwest, in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust population in 2004. Single uredinial isolates (757 in total) were derived from the collections and tested for virulence phenotype on lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3a, Lr9, Lr16, Lr24, Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr17a, Lr30, LrB, Lr10, Lr14a, Lr18, Lr21, and Lr28, and winter wheat lines with genes Lr41 and Lr42. In the United States in 2004, 52 virulence phenotypes of P. triticina were found. Virulence phenotype MCDSB, selected by virulence to resistance genes Lr17a and Lr26, was the most common phenotype in the United States and was found in all wheat growing areas. Virulence phenotype TBBGG, with virulence to Lr2a, was the second most common phenotype and was found primarily in the spring wheat region of the north-central states. Virulence phenotype MBDSB, which has virulence to Lr17a, was the third most common phenotype and was found in all wheat growing areas except California. Phenotype TNRJJ, with virulence to genes Lr9, Lr24, and Lr41, was the fourth most common phenotype and occurred in the southeastern states and throughout the Great Plains region. Virulence phenotypes avirulent to a second gene in the Thatcher differential line with Lr1 increased in frequency in the United States in 2004. The highly diverse population of P. triticina in the United States will continue to present a challenge for the development of wheat cultivars with effective durable resistance.

scholarly journals Physiologic Specialization of Puccinia triticina on Wheat in the United States in 2005

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 979-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kolmer ◽  
D. L. Long ◽  
M. E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Virulence Phenotype ◽  
Common Phenotype

Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust-infected wheat leaves by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat fields and nurseries in the Great Plains, Ohio River Valley, southeast, California, and Washington State, in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust population in 2005. Single uredinial isolates (797 in total) were derived from the collections and tested for virulence phenotype on lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3a, Lr9, Lr16, Lr24, Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr17a, Lr30, LrB, Lr10, Lr14a, Lr18, Lr21, Lr28, and winter wheat lines with genes Lr41 and Lr42. In the United States in 2005, 72 virulence phenotypes of P. triticina were found. Virulence phenotype TDBGH, selected by virulence to resistance gene Lr24, was the most common phenotype in the United States, and was found throughout the Great Plains region. Virulence phenotype MCDSB with virulence to Lr17a and Lr26 was the second most common phenotype and was found widely in the wheat growing regions of the United States. Virulence phenotype MFPSC, which has virulence to Lr17a, Lr24, and Lr26, was the third most common phenotype, and was found in the Ohio Valley region, the Great Plains, and California. The highly diverse population of P. triticina in the United States will continue to present a challenge for the development of wheat cultivars with effective durable resistance to leaf rust.

scholarly journals Physiologic Specialization of Puccinia triticina on Wheat in the United States in 2001

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 859-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kolmer ◽  
D. L. Long ◽  
E. Kosman ◽  
M. E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ohio Valley ◽  
Virulence Phenotype ◽  
Common Phenotype

Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust-infected wheat leaves by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat fields and nurseries in the Great Plains, Ohio Valley, Gulf Coast, California, Pacific Northwest, and Atlantic Coast States in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust fungus in 2001. Single uredinial isolates (477 in total) were derived from the wheat leaf rust collections and tested for virulence phenotype on lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3, Lr9, Lr16, Lr24, Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr17, Lr30, LrB, Lr10, Lr14a, and Lr18. The isolates also were tested for virulence on adult plants with leaf rust resistance genes Lr12, Lr13, Lr22a, Lr22b, Lr34, Lr35, and Lr37. In the United States in 2001, 44 virulence phenotypes of P. triticina were found. Virulence phenotype MBDS, which is virulent to resistance gene Lr17, was the most common phenotype in the United States. MBDS was found in the Southeast, Great Plains, and Ohio Valley regions. Virulence phenotype THBJ, which is virulent to Lr16 and Lr26, was the second most common phenotype, and occurred almost exclusively in the north-central Great Plains region. Phenotype MCDS, which is virulent to Lr17 and Lr26, was the third most common phenotype and was found primarily in the Southeast, Ohio Valley, and Great Plains regions. The Southeast and Ohio Valley regions differed from the Great Plains region for predominant virulence phenotypes, which indicate that populations of P. triticina in those areas are not closely connected. The northern and southern areas of the Great Plains region differed for phenotypes with virulence to Lr16; however, the two areas had other phenotypes in common. Virulence to the adult plant resistance genes Lr35 and Lr37 was detected for the first time in North America in the MBDS, MCJS, and MCDS phenotypes.

scholarly journals Physiologic Specialization of Puccinia triticina on Wheat in the United States in 2002

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 1079-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kolmer ◽  
D. L. Long ◽  
M. E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
Ohio Valley ◽  
Virulence Phenotype ◽  
Common Phenotype ◽  
Wheat Leaf

Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust-infected wheat leaves by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat fields and nurseries in the Great Plains, Ohio Valley, Southeast, California, and the Pacific Northwest, in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust fungus in 2002. Single uredinial isolates (785 in total) were derived from the wheat leaf rust collections and tested for virulence phenotype on lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3, Lr9, Lr16, Lr24, Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr17, Lr30, LrB, Lr10, Lr14a, and Lr18. In the United States in 2002, 52 virulence phenotypes of P. triticina were found. Virulence phenotype MBDS, which is virulent to resistance gene Lr17, was the most common phenotype in the United States. MBDS was found in the Southeast, Great Plains, and the Ohio Valley regions, and also in California. Phenotype MCDS, virulent to Lr17 and Lr26, was the second most common phenotype and occurred in the same regions as MBDS. Virulence phenotype THBJ, which is virulent to Lr16 and Lr26, was the third most common phenotype, and was found in the southern and northern central Great Plains region. Phenotype TLGJ, with virulence to Lr2a, Lr9, and Lr11, was the fourth most common phenotype and was found primarily in the Southeast and Ohio Valley regions. The Southeast and Ohio Valley regions differed from the Great Plains regions for predominant virulence phenotypes, which indicate that populations of P. triticina in those areas are not closely connected. The northern and southern areas of the Great Plains were similar for frequencies of predominant phenotypes, indicating a strong south to north migration of urediniospores.

scholarly journals Physiologic Specialization of Puccinia triticina on Wheat in the United States in 2003

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 1201-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kolmer ◽  
D. L. Long ◽  
M. E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Ohio Valley ◽  
Virulence Phenotype ◽  
Common Phenotype ◽  
Wheat Leaf

Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust infected wheat leaves by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat fields and nurseries in the Great Plains, Ohio Valley, Southeast, California, and the Pacific Northwest, in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust fungus in 2003. Single uredinial isolates (580 in total) were derived from the wheat leaf rust collections and tested for virulence phenotype on lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3, Lr9, Lr16, Lr24, Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr17, Lr30, LrB, Lr10, Lr14a, and Lr18. In the United States in 2003, 52 virulence phenotypes of P. triticina were found. Virulence phenotype MBDS, which has been selected by virulence to resistance gene Lr17, was the most common phenotype in the United States. MBDS was found in the Southeast, Great Plains, the Ohio Valley, and California. Virulence phenotype THBJ, which has been selected by virulence to genes Lr16 and Lr26, was the second most common phenotype, and was found in the southern and northern central Great Plains region. Phenotype MCDS, which has been selected by virulence to genes Lr17 and Lr26, was the third most common phenotype and occurred in the same regions as MBDS. The use of wheat cultivars with leaf rust seedling resistance genes has selected leaf rust phenotypes with virulence to genes Lr9, Lr16, Lr17, Lr24, and Lr26. The population of P. triticina in the United States is highly diverse for virulence phenotypes, which will continue to present a challenge for the development of wheat cultivars with effective durable resistance.

scholarly journals Physiologic Specialization of Puccinia triticina on Wheat in the United States in 2007

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 538-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kolmer ◽  
D. L. Long ◽  
M. E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat

In 2007, leaf rust of wheat was severe throughout the Great Plains region of North America. Yield losses in wheat due to leaf rust were estimated to be 14% in Kansas. Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust-infected leaves provided by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat fields and nurseries in the Great Plains, Ohio River Valley, southeast, California, and Washington State in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust population in 2007. Single uredinial isolates (868 in total) were derived from the collections and tested for virulence phenotype on lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3a, Lr9, Lr16, Lr24, Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr17a, Lr30, LrB, Lr10, Lr14a, Lr18, Lr21, and Lr28, and on winter wheat lines with genes Lr41 and Lr42. Fifty-two virulence phenotypes were found. Virulence phenotypes TDBJG, MFPSC, and TDBJH were among the four most common phenotypes and were all virulent to resistance gene Lr24. These phenotypes were found throughout the Great Plains region. Phenotype MLDSD, with virulence to Lr9, Lr17, and Lr41, was also widely distributed in the Great Plains. In the soft red winter wheat region of the southeastern states, phenotypes TCRKG, with virulence to genes Lr11, Lr26, and Lr18, and MFGJH, with virulence to Lr24, Lr26, and Lr11, were among the common phenotypes. Virulence phenotypes with virulence to Lr16 were most frequent in the spring wheat region of the northern Great Plains. Virulence phenotypes with virulence to Lr11, Lr18, and Lr26 were most common in the soft red winter areas of the southeastern states and Ohio Valley. Virulence to Lr21 was not found in any of the tested isolates.

scholarly journals Physiologic Specialization of Puccinia triticina on Wheat in the United States in 2006

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 1241-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kolmer ◽  
D. L. Long ◽  
M. E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat

Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust-infected leaves provided by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat fields and nurseries in the Great Plains, Ohio River Valley, southeast, California, and Washington State in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust population in 2006. Single uredinial isolates (718 in total) were derived from the collections and tested for virulence phenotype on lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3a, Lr9, Lr16, Lr24, Lr26, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr17a, Lr30, LrB, Lr10, Lr14a, Lr18, Lr2, and Lr28 and winter wheat lines with genes Lr41 and Lr42. In the United States in 2006, 56 virulence phenotypes were found. Virulence phenotypes TDBJG, TDBGG, and TDBJH were among the four most common phenotypes and were all virulent to resistance gene Lr24. These phenotypes were found throughout the Great Plains region. Phenotype MLDSD with virulence to Lr9, Lr17, and Lr41 was also widely distributed in the Great Plains. In the soft red winter wheat region of the southeastern states, phenotypes TCRKG and MBRKG with virulence to genes Lr11, Lr26, and Lr18 were among the common phenotypes. Virulence phenotypes with virulence to Lr16 were most frequent in the spring wheat region of the northern Great Plains. Virulence to Lr21 was not found in any of the tested isolates.

scholarly journals Differentiation of Molecular Genotypes and Virulence Phenotypes of Puccinia triticina from Common Wheat in North America

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 750-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Ordoñez ◽  
J. A. Kolmer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Genes

Wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina is widely distributed in the wheat growing regions of the United States and Canada, and is subject to selection for virulence phenotype by leaf rust resistance genes in wheat cultivars. The objective of this study was to determine the number of genetically differentiated groups of P. triticina that are currently present in North America. In total, 148 isolates of P. triticina from the 1980s to 2005 were collected from wheat-growing regions of the United States and Canada and tested for virulence on 20 lines of wheat with single genes for leaf rust resistance and for molecular genotype with 23 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In total, 91 virulence phenotypes and 65 SSR genotypes were found. After removal of isolates with identical virulence and SSR genotypes, 125 isolates were included for further analysis. Bayesian cluster analysis indicated five different groups of isolates based on SSR genotypes that also differed for virulence to leaf rust resistance genes Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3bg, Lr17, and Lr28. Isolates avirulent to Lr14a and Lr20 that have increased since 2003 had SSR genotypes identical or similar to older isolates in one of the five groups, indicating that these isolates were derived by mutation from the previously existing population of P. triticina. The representative collection of P. triticina isolates had characteristics consistent with an asexual dikaryotic population of genetically differentiated groups of SSR genotypes with high levels of heterozygosity and disequilibrium within which stepwise mutation at avirulence or virulence loci regularly occurs.

Genotype groups of the wheat leaf rust fungus Puccinia triticina in the United States as determined by genotyping by sequencing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Kolmer ◽  
Adam Herman ◽  
John Fellers
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
High Level ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Genes

Wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina, is a widespread disease of wheat in the United States and worldwide. Populations of P. triticina are characterized by virulence phenotypes that change rapidly due to selection by wheat cultivars with leaf rust resistance genes. The objective of this study was to genotype collections of P. triticina from 2011-2018 in the United States, using restriction site associated genotyping by sequencing (GBS), to determine if recently identified new virulence phenotypes belong to established genotype groups or belong to groups previously not detected. A total of 158 isolates were phenotyped for virulence on 20 lines of Thatcher wheat that are isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes and were also genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphism. Eight distinct groups of P. triticina genotypes from common wheat were described based on coancestry, nucleotide divergence, and principal coordinate plots. A separate genotype group had isolates with virulence to durum wheat. Isolates within groups had similar virulence phenotype, and the overall population had high level of heterozygosity and a high level of linkage disequilibria, which were all indicators of clonality. Two new genotype groups were described, raising the possibility of new introductions of P. triticina, although genotypes in these groups may have also originated from somatic nuclear exchange and recombination. A genome wide association study detected 19 SNPs that were highly associated with virulence to 11 resistance genes in the Thatcher near isogenic lines.

scholarly journals Virulence and Diversity of Wheat Leaf Rust in the United States in 1993 to 1995

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1391-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Long ◽  
K. J. Leonard ◽  
J. J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Ohio Valley ◽  
Wheat Leaf

Isolates of Puccinia triticina were obtained from wheat leaf collections made by cooperators throughout the United States and from cereal rust field surveys of the Great Plains, Ohio Valley, and Gulf Coast states in 1993, 1994, and 1995. Sixty-two virulence/avirulence phenotypes on 14 host lines that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance were found among 681 single uredinial isolates in 1993, 42 phenotypes were found among 683 isolates in 1994, and 51 among 701 isolates in 1995. As in previous surveys, regional race distribution patterns showed that the central United States is a single epidemiological unit distinct from the eastern United States. The distinctive racial composition of collections from the Southeast, Northeast, and Ohio Valley indicates that populations of P. triticina in those areas are discrete, suggesting epidemics originate from localized overwintering sources.

scholarly journals Physiologic Specialization of Puccinia triticina on Wheat in the United States in 2013

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 1261-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kolmer ◽  
M. E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Ohio Valley ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust-infected leaves provided by cooperators throughout the United States and from wheat fields and breeding plots by USDA-ARS personnel and cooperators in the Great Plains, Ohio River Valley, and southeastern states in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust population in 2013. Single uredinial isolates (490 total) were derived from the collections and tested for virulence phenotype on 20 lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes. In 2013, 79 virulence phenotypes were described in the United States. Virulence phenotypes MBTNB, TNBGJ, and MCTNB were the three most common phenotypes. Phenotypes MBTNB and MCTNB are both virulent to Lr11, and MCTNB is virulent to Lr26. MBTNB and MCTNB were most common in the soft red winter wheat region of the southeastern states and Ohio Valley. Phenotype TNBGJ is virulent to Lr39/41 and was widely distributed throughout the hard red winter wheat region of the Great Plains. Isolates with virulence to Lr11, Lr18, and Lr26 were common in the southeastern states and Ohio Valley region. Isolates with virulence to Lr21, Lr24, and Lr39/41 were frequent in the hard red wheat region of the southern and northern Great Plains.

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