puccinia triticina
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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firdissa E. Bokore ◽  
Ron E. Knox ◽  
Colin W. Hiebert ◽  
Richard D. Cuthbert ◽  
Ron M. DePauw ◽  
...  

The hexaploid spring wheat cultivar, Carberry, was registered in Canada in 2009, and has since been grown over an extensive area on the Canadian Prairies. Carberry has maintained a very high level of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) resistance since its release. To understand the genetic basis of Carberry’s leaf rust resistance, Carberry was crossed with the susceptible cultivar, Thatcher, and a doubled haploid (DH) population of 297 lines was generated. The DH population was evaluated for leaf rust in seven field environments at the adult plant stage. Seedling and adult plant resistance (APR) to multiple virulence phenotypes of P. triticina was evaluated on the parents and the progeny population in controlled greenhouse studies. The population was genotyped with the wheat 90 K iSelect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was performed. The analysis using field leaf rust response indicated that Carberry contributed nine QTL located on chromosomes 1B, 2B (2 loci), 2D, 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, and 7D. The QTL located on 1B, 2B, 5B, and 7D chromosomes were observed in two or more environments, whereas the remainder were detected in single environments. The resistance on 1B, detected in five environments, was attributed to Lr46 and on 7D, detected in seven environments to Lr34. The first 2B QTL corresponded with the adult plant gene, Lr13, while the second QTL corresponded with Lr16. The seedling analysis showed that Carberry carries Lr2a, Lr16, and Lr23. Five epistatic effects were identified in the population, with synergistic interactions being observed for Lr34 with Lr46, Lr16, and Lr2a. The durable rust resistance of Carberry is attributed to Lr34 and Lr46 in combination with these other resistance genes, because the resistance has remained effective even though the P. triticina population has evolved virulent to Lr2a, Lr13, Lr16, and Lr23.


Plant Disease ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Kolmer ◽  
Oluseyi Fajolu

Collections of wheat leaves infected with the leaf rust fungus, Puccinia triticina, were obtained from the southeastern states, the Ohio Valley, the Great Plains, and Washington in 2018, 2019 and 2020 to determine the prevalent virulence phenotypes in the wheat growing regions of the United States. In the hard red winter wheat region of the southern and mid Great Plains, MNPSD, and MPPSD were the two most common phenotypes in 2018 and 2019. In 2020 BBBQD with high virulence to durum wheat was the most common phenotype in the southern Great Plains. In the hard red spring wheat region of the northern Great Plains, MNPSD, MPPSD, MBDSD, and TBBGS were the predominant phenotypes. In the soft red winter wheat region of the southeastern states and Ohio Valley region, MBTNB, MCTNB, and MNPSD were the three most common phenotypes. Collections in Washington had phenotypes LBDSG, LCDSG, LCDJG, and MBDSB that were not found in any other region. Isolates with virulence to Lr11 were most frequent in the southeastern states, and Ohio Valley regions. The frequency of isolates with virulence to Lr39 was highest in the Great Plains region and frequency of isolates with virulence to Lr21 was highest in the northern Great Plains region. Selection of virulence phenotypes by leaf rust resistance genes in the different market classes of wheat, combined with the effects of clonal reproduction, overwintering in southern regions, and low migration between the Great Plains region and eastern wheat producing regions, has maintained the different P. triticina populations in the United States.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2787
Author(s):  
Marta Dmochowska-Boguta ◽  
Yuliya Kloc ◽  
Waclaw Orczyk

Hydrogen peroxide is a signal and effector molecule in the plant response to pathogen infection. Wheat resistance to Puccinia triticina Eriks. is associated with necrosis triggered by oxidative burst. We investigated which enzyme system dominated in host oxidative reaction to P. triticina infection. The susceptible Thatcher cultivar and isogenic lines with defined resistance genes were inoculated with P. triticina spores. Using diamine oxidase (DAO) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) inhibitors, accumulation of H2O2 was analyzed in the infection sites. Both enzymes participated in the oxidative burst during compatible and incompatible interactions. Accumulation of H2O2 in guard cells, i.e., the first phase of the response, depended on DAO and the role of PAO was negligible. During the second phase, the patterns of H2O2 accumulation in the infection sites were more complex. Accumulation of H2O2 during compatible interaction (Thatcher and TcLr34 line) moderately depended on DAO and the reaction of TcLr34 was stronger than that of Thatcher. Accumulation of H2O2 during incompatible interaction of moderately resistant plants (TcLr24, TcLr25 and TcLr29) was DAO-dependent in TcLr29, while the changes in the remaining lines were not statistically significant. A strong oxidative burst in resistant plants (TcLr9, TcLr19, TcLr26) was associated with both enzymes’ activities in TcLr9 and only with DAO in TcLr19 and TcLr26. The results are discussed in relation to other host oxidative systems, necrosis, and resistance level.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 740-745
Author(s):  
E. S. Skolotneva ◽  
V. N. Kelbin ◽  
V. P. Shamanin ◽  
N. I. Boyko ◽  
V. A. Aparina ◽  
...  

Present-day wheat breeding for immunity exploits extensively closely related species from the family Triticeae as gene donors. The 2NS/2AS translocation has been introduced into the genome of the cultivated cereal Triticum aestivum from the wild relative T. ventricosum. It contains the Lr37, Yr17, and Sr38 genes, which support seedling resistance to the pathogens Puccinia triticina Eriks., P. striiformis West. f. sp. tritici, and P. graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn, which cause brown, yellow, and stem rust of wheat, respectively. This translocation is present in the varieties Trident, Madsen, and Rendezvous grown worldwide and in the Russian varieties Morozko, Svarog, Graf, Marquis, and Homer bred in southern regions. However, the Sr38 gene has not yet been introduced into commercial varieties in West Siberia; thus, it remains of practical importance for breeding in areas where populations of P. graminis f. sp. tritici are represented by avirulent clones. The main goal of this work was to analyze the frequency of clones (a)virulent to the Sr38 gene in an extended West Siberian collection of stem rust agent isolates. In 2019–2020, 139 single pustule isolates of P. graminis f. sp. tritici were obtained on seedlings of the standard susceptible cultivar Khakasskaya in an environmentally controlled laboratory (Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS) from samples of urediniospores collected on commercial and experimental bread wheat fields in the Novosibirsk, Omsk, Altai, and Krasnoyarsk regions. By inoculating test wheat genotypes carrying Sr38 (VPM1 and Trident), variations in the purity of (a)virulent clones were detected in geographical samples of P. graminis f. sp. tritici. In general, clones avirulent to Sr38 constitute 60 % of the West Siberian fungus population, whereas not a single virulent isolate was detected in the Krasnoyarsk collection. The Russian breeding material was screened for sources of the stem rust resistance gene by using molecular markers specific to the 2NS/2AS translocation. A collection of hybrid lines and varieties of bread spring wheat adapted to West Siberia (Omsk SAU) was analyzed to identify accessions promising for the region. The presence of the gene was postulated by genotyping with specific primers (VENTRIUP-LN2) and phytopathological tests with avirulent clones of the fungus. Dominant Sr38 alleles were identified in Lutescens 12-18, Lutescens 81-17, Lutescens 66-16, Erythrospermum 79/07, 9-31, and 8-26. On the grounds of the composition of the West Siberian P. graminis f. sp. tritici population, the Sr38 gene can be considered a candidate for pyramiding genotypes promising for the Novosibirsk, Altai, and Krasnoyarsk regions. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-338
Author(s):  
V. Ivanova ◽  
T. Alexandrov

Аbstract. The response of 1262 durum wheat lines to the cause agent of leaf rust Puccinia triticina was studied. The investigation was carried under infection field conditions during 2013-2015 at Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute (DAI) – General Toshevo, Bulgaria. Over the years of investigation, a maximum high infection background was developed by the cause agent of the disease, including all pathogen pathotypes identified during this period. The race variability in the population of the pathogen during the period was determined at the Plant Pathology Laboratory of DAI according to a validated methodology for working with rusts. Seventy-one phenotypically different virulent pathotypes were established. Fifteen new races of P. triticina were also identified, which have not been present during the previous 15 years in Bulgaria. Seventeen lines and one cultivar with a certain degree of resistance to the pathogen were selected. The selected lines can be involved in the breeding programs for developing initial material with resistance to leaf rust P. triticina.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaojie Zhao ◽  
Weishuai Bi ◽  
Shuqing Zhao ◽  
Jun Su ◽  
Mengyu Li ◽  
...  

Plant apoplast serves as the frontier battlefield of plant defense in response to different types of pathogens. Many pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are accumulated in apoplastic space during the onset of plant–pathogen interaction, where they act to suppress pathogen infection. In this study, we found the expression of Triticum aestivum lipid transfer protein 3 (TaLTP3) gene was unregulated during incompatible interaction mediated by leaf rust resistance genes Lr39/41 at the early infection stage. Stable transgenic wheat lines overexpressing TaLTP3 exhibited enhanced resistance to leaf rust pathogen Puccinia triticina. Transcriptome analysis revealed that overexpression of TaLTP3 specifically activated the transcription of pathogenesis-related protein 1a (TaPR1a) and multiple plant hormone pathways, including salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and auxin, in response to the infection of the model bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Further investigation indicated that TaLTP3 physically associated with wheat TaPR1a protein in the apoplast. Transgenic wheat lines overexpressing TaLTP3 and TaPR1a showed higher accumulations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during plant defense responses. All these findings suggested that TaLTP3 is involved in wheat resistance against leaf rust pathogen infection and forming a TaLTP3-TaPR1a complex in apoplast against this pathogen, which provides new insights into the functional roles of PR proteins.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4735
Author(s):  
Simon Appeltans ◽  
Orly Enrique Apolo-Apolo ◽  
Jaime Nolasco Rodríguez-Vázquez ◽  
Manuel Pérez-Ruiz ◽  
Jan Pieters ◽  
...  

The potential of hyperspectral measurements for early disease detection has been investigated by many experts over the last 5 years. One of the difficulties is obtaining enough data for training and building a hyperspectral training library. When the goal is to detect disease at a previsible stage, before the pathogen has manifested either its first symptoms or in the area surrounding the existing symptoms, it is impossible to objectively delineate the regions of interest containing the previsible pathogen growth from the areas without the pathogen growth. To overcome this, we propose an image labelling and segmentation algorithm that is able to (a) more objectively label the visible symptoms for the construction of a training library and (b) extend this labelling to the pre-visible symptoms. This algorithm is used to create hyperspectral training libraries for late blight disease (Phytophthora infestans) in potatoes and two types of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina and Puccinia striiformis) in wheat. The model training accuracies were compared between the automatic labelling algorithm and the classic visual delineation of regions of interest using a logistic regression machine learning approach. The modelling accuracies of the automatically labelled datasets were higher than those of the manually labelled ones for both potatoes and wheat, at 98.80% for P. infestans in potato, 97.69% for P. striiformis in soft wheat, and 96.66% for P. triticina in durum wheat.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Barna ◽  
Gabriella Máté ◽  
Jutta Preuss ◽  
Borbála Dorottya Harrach ◽  
Gábor Gullner ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subodh Kumar ◽  
Subhash Chander Bhardwaj ◽  
Om Prakash Gangwar ◽  
Pramod Prasad ◽  
Charu Lata ◽  
...  

Abstract During the periodic purity checks of pathotypes 107-1(45R35=JCGPL) and 20(5R27=SGQPL) of Puccinia triticina in national repository at Shimla, India, mixtures of infection types were observed on the differential Lr3 and Lr15 , respectively. Single pustule isolations and further pure cultures in both the cases yielded new pathotypes designated as 57(45R39= KGTPL) and 20-2(57R27= SHKPL). Pathotype 57 was one step gain in virulence on Lr3 in 107-1 whereas 20-2 on Lr15 in mother culture of pathotype 20. The difference of virulence on one gene to each mother culture and their non occurrence in the field samples is indicative of mutation for virulence in situ . To ascertain the novelty of new pathotypes, detailed study on differentials, avirulence/virulence structure, DNA polymorphism using SSR markers, and other related information is presented in this publication. The new cultures are being maintained as PrtI 57 and PrtI 20-2 in the repository.


Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
S.L. Fox ◽  
Kirby T. Nilsen ◽  
Denis Green ◽  
Thomas Fetch ◽  
...  

AAC Hodge (BW1069) is a hollow-stemmed, awned and high yielding Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat cultivar suited to the growing conditions in Western Canada. AAC Hodge was 6% higher yielding than AAC Viewfield, the highest yielding check in the Central Bread Wheat Cooperative (CBWC) registration trials (2017-2019). Within the same test, AAC Hodge was 16% higher yielding than Carberry. AAC Hodge matured 1 d earlier than Carberry and 2 d later than Unity; Unity is the earliest maturing check in the eastern prairie growing conditions. AAC Hodge was 7 cm shorter with better lodging resistance than Unity. The lodging score for AAC Hodge was lower than the mean of the checks. The test weight of AAC Hodge was similar to the mean of the checks. Over the 3 yr of testing (2017-2019), the 1000-kernel weight of AAC Hodge was equal to, or higher than all the checks. The grain protein content of AAC Hodge was equal to that of AAC Viewfield. AAC Hodge was rated moderately resistant to Fusarium head blight (FHB; Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) and resistant to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Erikss.), stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend), stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn), and common bunt [Tilletia caries (DC) Tul. & C. Tul.]. AAC Hodge ranged from resistant to moderately susceptible for its reaction to the Ug99 family of stem rusts. AAC Hodge was resistant to orange wheat blossom midge (OBWM) (Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin). AAC Hodge was registered under the CWRS class.


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