scholarly journals Cross Inoculation Tests with Phellinus noxius Isolates from Nine Different Host Plants in the Ryukyu Islands, Southwestern Japan

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norio Sahashi ◽  
Mitsuteru Akiba ◽  
Makoto Ishihara ◽  
Kazuhiro Miyazaki ◽  
Natsumi Kanzaki
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Bischofia Javanica ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

Brown root rot, caused by Phellinus noxius, leads to problems in management of shade, ornamental, and windbreak trees in subtropical regions of the world, and it has been causing serious problems in Japan since 1988. To identify the pathogenicity, host specialization, and virulence of the pathogen, cross inoculation tests were carried out using isolates of the fungus obtained from nine different tree species. P. noxius was pathogenic to all of the nine tree species tested, and it killed inoculated seedlings. Among the 810 trees inoculated with the fungus, a total of 141 trees (17.4%), including all nine species, were dead within 110 days after inoculation. The first symptom of infection was rapid wilt with discoloration of leaves 20 to 30 days after inoculation, and then the plants quickly declined. Only one isolate of P. noxius that was tested caused significantly higher mortality in its original host than in other species, suggesting that the pathogen has little to no host specificity. However, the fungus did show variation in virulence, with the isolates originating in Bischofia javanica and Casuarina equisetifolia causing significantly higher mortality than those collected from other host species. More isolates of P. noxius from the same host species and/or from various countries should be studied to understand host specialization and virulence of the pathogen.

Brown root rot of trees caused byPhellinus noxiusin the Ryukyu Islands, subtropical areas of Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sahashi ◽  
M. Akiba ◽  
M. Ishihara ◽  
Y. Ota ◽  
N. Kanzaki
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Brown Root Rot

Molecular diagnosis of the brown root rot disease agent Phellinus noxius on trees and in soil by rDNA ITS analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Feng Wang ◽  
Han Meng ◽  
Victor W. Gu ◽  
Ji-Dong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

Phellinus noxius (P. noxius) is an important pathogen that causes brown root rot of trees in tropical and sub-tropical areas and has led to severe damage to trees. A quick and accurate diagnostic technique is essential to the timely confirmation of the pathogen and possible treatment. In this study, a fast, sensitive and accurate approach of molecular technique was used to diagnose the brown root rot pathogen on trees and in soils of subtropical Hong Kong. Two pairs of specific PCR primers were used to amplify the target rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for both tree tissues and soil samples. The amplified ITS fragments were then sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically for the diagnostic identification of the pathogen P. noxius. The results showed that 13 of 38 suspected trees in Hong Kong were infected with P. noxius through molecular detection. The pathogen showed no specific preference to any particular tree species. Quantitative PCR was applied to soils grown with trees identified both positive and negative for P. noxius, but the soils with healthy trees were also found positive for P. noxius. For the first time, P. noxius was reported to infect a wide range of tree species in Hong Kong and widely presented in soils, probably serving as a reservoir for the pathogen. Through this study, it is proposed that P. noxius is a soil-borne pathogen, which increases its infectivity when trees start to grow in the soil as a means in addition to the previously proposed root-to-root contact.

The brown root rot fungus Phellinus noxius affects microbial communities in different root‐associated niches of Ficus trees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tse‐Yen Liu ◽  
Chao‐Han Chen ◽  
Yu‐Liang Yang ◽  
Isheng J. Tsai ◽  
Ying‐Ning Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

Cylindrocladium clavatum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peerally
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Cylindrocladium Floridanum ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

Abstract A description is provided for Cylindrocladium clavatum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Araucaria angustifolia, Camellia sinensis, Eucalyptus saligna and Pinus. DISEASE: Occasionally associated with Cylindrocladium floridanum[Calonectria kyotensis] and Cylindrocarpon tenue on rotting roots of unthrifty tea bushes in Mauritius. Associated with a root disease of dying 10-15 year old trees of Araucaria angustifolia (Hodges & May, 1972). Roots of such trees are pitch-soaked and copiously exude resin, causing large quantities of soil to stick to the roots, thus resembling in symptomatology the brown root rot caused by Phellinus noxius. Also isolated from the roots of dying trees of several species of Pinus (Hodges & May, 1972). The pine needles on affected trees turn bright yellow, droop and finally turn brick red. Roots were pitch-soaked but resin exudation was slight. Also isolated from seedlings of Eucalyptus saligna (Hodges & May, 1972). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil, Mauritius. TRANSMISSION: The pathogen is soil-borne.

scholarly journals Wild Host Plants of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Biotypes in the Ryukyu Islands, Southwestern Japan

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Kijima ◽  
Shigenori Ueda ◽  
Kenkichi Kanmiya ◽  
Tomoko Ganahakikumura ◽  
Miki Kurima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands

Antifungal agents from heartwood extract of Taiwania cryptomerioides against brown root rot fungus Phellinus noxius

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Han Chen ◽  
Chun-Ya Lin ◽  
Pei-Ling Yen ◽  
Ting-Feng Yeh ◽  
Sen-Sung Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Taiwania Cryptomerioides ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius
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