The brown root rot fungus Phellinus noxius affects microbial communities in different root‐associated niches of Ficus trees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tse‐Yen Liu ◽  
Chao‐Han Chen ◽  
Yu‐Liang Yang ◽  
Isheng J. Tsai ◽  
Ying‐Ning Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

Cylindrocladium clavatum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peerally
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Cylindrocladium Floridanum ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

Abstract A description is provided for Cylindrocladium clavatum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Araucaria angustifolia, Camellia sinensis, Eucalyptus saligna and Pinus. DISEASE: Occasionally associated with Cylindrocladium floridanum[Calonectria kyotensis] and Cylindrocarpon tenue on rotting roots of unthrifty tea bushes in Mauritius. Associated with a root disease of dying 10-15 year old trees of Araucaria angustifolia (Hodges & May, 1972). Roots of such trees are pitch-soaked and copiously exude resin, causing large quantities of soil to stick to the roots, thus resembling in symptomatology the brown root rot caused by Phellinus noxius. Also isolated from the roots of dying trees of several species of Pinus (Hodges & May, 1972). The pine needles on affected trees turn bright yellow, droop and finally turn brick red. Roots were pitch-soaked but resin exudation was slight. Also isolated from seedlings of Eucalyptus saligna (Hodges & May, 1972). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil, Mauritius. TRANSMISSION: The pathogen is soil-borne.

Molecular diagnosis of the brown root rot disease agent Phellinus noxius on trees and in soil by rDNA ITS analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Feng Wang ◽  
Han Meng ◽  
Victor W. Gu ◽  
Ji-Dong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

Phellinus noxius (P. noxius) is an important pathogen that causes brown root rot of trees in tropical and sub-tropical areas and has led to severe damage to trees. A quick and accurate diagnostic technique is essential to the timely confirmation of the pathogen and possible treatment. In this study, a fast, sensitive and accurate approach of molecular technique was used to diagnose the brown root rot pathogen on trees and in soils of subtropical Hong Kong. Two pairs of specific PCR primers were used to amplify the target rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for both tree tissues and soil samples. The amplified ITS fragments were then sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically for the diagnostic identification of the pathogen P. noxius. The results showed that 13 of 38 suspected trees in Hong Kong were infected with P. noxius through molecular detection. The pathogen showed no specific preference to any particular tree species. Quantitative PCR was applied to soils grown with trees identified both positive and negative for P. noxius, but the soils with healthy trees were also found positive for P. noxius. For the first time, P. noxius was reported to infect a wide range of tree species in Hong Kong and widely presented in soils, probably serving as a reservoir for the pathogen. Through this study, it is proposed that P. noxius is a soil-borne pathogen, which increases its infectivity when trees start to grow in the soil as a means in addition to the previously proposed root-to-root contact.

Antifungal agents from heartwood extract of Taiwania cryptomerioides against brown root rot fungus Phellinus noxius

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Han Chen ◽  
Chun-Ya Lin ◽  
Pei-Ling Yen ◽  
Ting-Feng Yeh ◽  
Sen-Sung Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Taiwania Cryptomerioides ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

scholarly journals Brown Root Rot of Trees Caused by Phellinus noxius in Windbreaks on Ishigaki Island, Japan. Incidence of Disease, Pathogen and Artificial Inoculation.

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhisa ABE ◽  
Takao KOBAYASHI ◽  
Masatoshi ONUKI ◽  
Tsutomu HATTORI ◽  
Masaichi TSURUMACHI
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Ishigaki Island ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

scholarly journals Soil Is Not a Reservoir for Phellinus noxius

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zong-Chi Wu ◽  
Ya-Yun Chang ◽  
Qiao-Juan Lai ◽  
Heng-An Lin ◽  
Shean-Shong Tzean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Soilborne Pathogen ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Rhizosphere Soils ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Host Tissues ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

Phellinus noxius causes brown root rot (BRR) of diverse trees. Basidiospores and diseased host tissues have been recognized as important sources of P. noxius inoculum. This study aimed to understand whether P. noxius could occur or survive in soil without host tissues in the natural environment. Soil was sampled before and after the removal of diseased trees at eight BRR infection sites (total of 44 samples). No P. noxius colonies were recovered in soil plating assays, suggesting that no or little viable P. noxius resided in the soil. To know whether P. noxius could disseminate from decayed roots to the surrounding soil, rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were sampled from another two infection sites. Although P. noxius DNA was detectable with specific primers, no P. noxius could be isolated, even from the rhizosphere soils around decayed roots covered with P. noxius mycelial mats. The association between viable P. noxius and the presence of its DNA was also investigated using field soil mixed with P. noxius arthrospores. After P. noxius was exterminated by flooding or fumigation treatment, its DNA remained detectable for a few weeks. The potential of onsite soil as an inoculum was tested using the highly susceptible loquat (Eriobotrya japonica). Loquats replanted in an infection site that had been cleaned up by simply removing the diseased stump and visible residual roots remained healthy for a year. Taken together, P. noxius is not a soilborne pathogen, and diseased host tissues should be the focus of field sanitation and detection for BRR.

scholarly journals In Vitro and in Planta Evaluation of Trichoderma asperellum TA as a Biocontrol Agent Against Phellinus noxius, the Cause of Brown Root Rot Disease of Trees

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 2733-2741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Chou ◽  
Yi-Ting Xiao ◽  
Jyh-Nong Tsai ◽  
Ting-Ting Li ◽  
Hung-Yi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius

Brown root rot (BRR), caused by the white rot fungus Phellinus noxius, is an epidemic disease of diverse broadleaved and coniferous tree species in many tropical and subtropical regions. Flooding and trenching control measures are difficult to implement, and chemical controls can have an adverse impact on ecosystems. Previous studies have provided in vitro evidence for the potential use of Trichoderma spp. for biocontrol of BRR. Here, we analyzed the in vitro antagonistic and mycoparasitic abilities of four Trichoderma spp. isolates against four P. noxius isolates in dual culture and Ficus microcarpa wood blocks. A convenient inoculation system based on root inoculation of a highly susceptible loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) with P. noxius-colonized wheat-oat grains was developed to examine the effect of Trichoderma treatment in planta. Preventive application of Trichoderma asperellum TA, the isolate showing high antagonistic activity in vitro, was effective in preventing and delaying the wilting of P. noxius-inoculated loquat cuttings in greenhouse trials. To understand the specific niche in which T. asperellum TA interacts with P. noxius, KOH-aniline blue fluorescence microscopy was used to investigate the colonization of loquat roots by P. noxius and/or T. asperellum TA. Dilution plating assays were also conducted to quantify Trichoderma populations in the rhizosphere and potting mix. T. asperellum TA was able to robustly establish in the rhizosphere and potting mix but with scarce root penetration limited to the superficial layer. We discuss the timing and strategy for applying antagonistic Trichodema sp. on living trees or in BRR-infested areas for BRR management.

scholarly journals Phellinus noxius Brown Root Rot of Fruit and Ornamental Trees in Taiwan

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 820-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pao-Jen Ann ◽  
Tun-Tschu Chang ◽  
Wen-Hsiung Ko
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Ornamental Trees ◽  
Brown Root Rot ◽  
Phellinus Noxius
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