Bean common mosaic virus Isolate Exhibits a Novel Pathogenicity Profile in Common Bean, Overcoming the bc-3 Resistance Allele Coding for the Mutated eIF4E Translation Initiation Factor

Resistance against Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) in Phaseolus vulgaris is governed by six recessive resistance alleles at four loci. One of these alleles, bc-3, is able to protect P. vulgaris against all BCMV strains and against other potyviruses; bc-3 was identified as the eIF4E allele carrying mutated eukaryotic translation initiation factor gene. Here, we characterized a novel BCMV isolate 1755a that was able to overcome bc-2 and bc-3 alleles in common bean. Thus, it displayed a novel pattern of interactions with resistance genes in P. vulgaris, and was assigned to a new pathogroup, PG-VIII. The IVT7214 cultivar supporting the replication of BCMV-1755a was found to have the intact homozygous bc-3 cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences marker and corresponding mutations in the eIF4E allele that confer resistance to BCMV isolates from all other pathogroups as well as to other potyviruses. The VPg protein of 1755a had seven amino acid substitutions relative to VPgs of other BCMV isolates unable to overcome bc-3. The 1755a genome was found to be a recombinant between NL1, US1 (both PG-I), and a yet unknown BCMV strain. Analysis of the recombination patterns in the genomes of NL1 and US1 (PG-I), NY15P (PG-V), US10 and RU1-OR (PG-VII), and 1755a (PG-VIII), indicated that P1/HC-Pro cistrons of BCMV strains may interact with most resistance genes. This is the first report of a BCMV isolate able to overcome the bc-3 resistance allele, suggesting that the virus has evolved mechanisms to overcome multiple resistance genes available in common bean.

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Recessive Resistance to Bean common mosaic virus Conferred by the bc-1 and bc-2 Genes in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Affects Long-Distance Movement of the Virus

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-01-18-0021-r ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 108 (8) ◽

pp. 1011-1018 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xue Feng ◽

Gardenia E. Orellana ◽

James R. Myers ◽

Alexander V. Karasev

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Common Bean ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Bean Common Mosaic Virus ◽

Translation Initiation Factor ◽

Initiation Factor ◽

Recessive Resistance ◽

Long Distance ◽

Systemic Spread ◽

Long Distance Movement

Recessive resistance to Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is governed by four genes that include one strain-nonspecific helper gene bc-u, and three strain-specific genes bc-1, bc-2, and bc-3. The bc-3 gene was identified as an eIF4E translation initiation factor gene mediating resistance through disruption of the interaction between this protein and the VPg protein of the virus. The mode of action of bc-1 and bc-2 in expression of BCMV resistance is unknown, although bc-1 gene was found to affect systemic spread of a related potyvirus, Bean common mosaic necrosis virus. To investigate the possible role of both bc-1 and bc-2 genes in replication, cell-to-cell, and long-distance movement of BCMV in P. vulgaris, we tested virus spread of eight BCMV isolates representing pathogroups I, IV, VI, VII, and VIII in a set of bean differentials expressing different combinations of six resistance alleles including bc-u, bc-1, bc-12, bc-2, bc-22, and bc-3. All studied BCMV isolates were able to replicate and spread in inoculated leaves of bean cultivars harboring bc-u, bc-1, bc-12, bc-2, and bc-22 alleles and their combinations, while no BCMV replication was found in inoculated leaves of cultivar IVT7214 carrying the bc-u, bc-2, and bc-3 genes, except for isolate 1755a, which was capable of overcoming the resistance conferred by bc-2 and bc-3. In contrast, the systemic spread of all BCMV isolates from pathogroups I, IV, VI, VII, and VIII was impaired in common bean cultivars carrying bc-1, bc-12, bc-2, and bc-22 alleles. The data suggest that bc-1 and bc-2 recessive resistance genes have no effect on the replication and cell-to-cell movement of BCMV, but affect systemic spread of BCMV in common bean. The BCMV resistance conferred by bc-1 and bc-2 and affecting systemic spread was found only partially effective when these two genes were expressed singly. The efficiency of the restriction of the systemic spread of the virus was greatly enhanced when the alleles of bc-1 and bc-2 genes were combined together.

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The Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E Controls Lettuce Susceptibility to the Potyvirus Lettuce mosaic virus

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.102.017855 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 132 (3) ◽

pp. 1272-1282 ◽

Cited By ~ 192

Author(s):

Valérie Nicaise ◽

Sylvie German-Retana ◽

Raquel Sanjuán ◽

Marie-Pierre Dubrana ◽

Marianne Mazier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Translation Initiation ◽

Translation Initiation Factor ◽

Initiation Factor ◽

Lettuce Mosaic Virus ◽

Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor ◽

Eukaryotic Translation ◽

Eukaryotic Translation Initiation

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Targeted Knockout of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E Confers Bymovirus Resistance in Winter Barley

Frontiers in Genome Editing ◽

10.3389/fgeed.2021.784233 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Eric Hoffie ◽

Ingrid Otto ◽

Dragan Perovic ◽

Nagaveni Budhagatapalli ◽

Antje Habekuß ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Translation Initiation ◽

Winter Barley ◽

Translation Initiation Factor ◽

Initiation Factor ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor ◽

Eukaryotic Translation ◽

Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Eukaryotic Translation Initiation

The Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E (EIF4E) is a well-known susceptibility factor for potyvirus infections in many plant species. The barley yellow mosaic virus disease, caused by the bymoviruses Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV), can lead to yield losses of up to 50% in winter barley. In autumn, the roots of young barley plants are infected by the soil-borne plasmodiophoraceous parasite Polymyxa graminis L. that serves as viral vector. Upon viral establishment and systemic spreading into the upper parts of the plants, yellow mosaics occur as first symptoms on leaves. In the further course of plant development, the disease entails leaf necrosis and increased susceptibility to frost damage. Thanks to the rym4 and rym5 allelic variants of the HvEIF4E gene, more than two thirds of current European winter barley cultivars are resistant to BaYMV and BaMMV. However, several strains of BaYMV and BaMMV have already overcome rym4- and rym5-mediated resistance. Accordingly, new resistance-conferring alleles are needed for barley breeding. Therefore, we performed targeted mutagenesis of the EIF4E gene by Cas9 endonuclease in BaMMV/BaYMV-susceptible winter barley cv. “Igri”. Small insertions were generated, resulting in a shift of the translational reading frame, thereby causing the loss-of-function of EIF4E. The mutations occurred in the homozygous state already in the primary mutants. Their progeny proved invariably homozygous and fully resistant to mechanical inoculation with BaMMV. EIF4E knockout plants showed normal growth habit and produced grains, yet exhibited a yield penalty.

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Adaptation of Lettuce mosaic virus to Catharanthus roseus Involves Mutations in the Central Domain of the VPg

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-10-13-0320-r ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 491-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Laurence Svanella-Dumas ◽

Eric Verdin ◽

Chantal Faure ◽

Sylvie German-Retana ◽

Patrick Gognalons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Catharanthus Roseus ◽

Translation Initiation ◽

Translation Initiation Factor ◽

Initiation Factor ◽

Terminal Part ◽

Lettuce Mosaic Virus ◽

Eukaryotic Translation ◽

Illumina Deep Sequencing ◽

Eukaryotic Translation Initiation

An isolate of Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV, a Potyvirus) infecting Madagascar periwinckle (Catharanthus roseus) was identified and characterized by Illumina deep sequencing. LMV-Cr has no close affinities to previously sequenced LMV isolates and represents a novel, divergent LMV clade. Inoculation experiments with other representative LMV isolates showed that they are unable to infect C. roseus, which was not known to be a host for LMV. However, three C. roseus variants of one of these isolates, LMV-AF199, could be selected and partially or completely sequenced. These variants are characterized by the accumulation of mutations affecting the C-terminal part of the cylindrical inclusion (CI) helicase and the central part of the VPg. In particular, a serine to proline mutation at amino acid 143 of the VPg was observed in all three independently selected variants and is also present in the LMV-Cr isolate, making it a prime candidate as a host-range determinant. Other mutations at VPg positions 65 and 144 could also contribute to the ability to infect C. roseus. Inoculation experiments involving a recombinant LMV expressing a permissive lettuce eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) suggest that eIF4E does not contribute to the interaction of most LMV isolates with C. roseus.

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