Scattered Radiation Doses to Some Critical Organs During Pediatric Radiotherapy

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-451
Author(s):  
E. Theo Agard ◽  
Gunther Ehlers ◽  
Shirley Kirchberg
Keyword(s):  
Scattered Radiation ◽  
Radiation Doses

scholarly journals Intraoperative 2D C-arm and 3D O-arm in children: a comparative phantom study

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 550-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Prod’homme ◽  
M. Sans-Merce ◽  
N. Pitteloud ◽  
J. Damet ◽  
P. Lascombes
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Scattered Radiation ◽  
Intraoperative Imaging ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Organ Doses ◽  
Thermoluminescent Dosimeters ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Absorbed Doses ◽  
Entrance Dose ◽  
Student’S T

Purpose Exposure to ionizing radiation is a concern for children during intraoperative imaging. We aimed to assess the radiation exposure to the paediatric patient with 2D and 3D imaging. Methods To evaluate the radiation exposure, patient absorbed doses to the organs were measured in an anthropomorphic phantom representing a five-year-old child, using thermoluminescent dosimeters. For comparative purposes, organ doses were measured using a C-arm for one minute of fluoroscopy and one acquisition with an O-arm. The cone-beam was centred on the pelvis. Direct and scattered irradiations were measured and compared (Student’s t-test). Skin entrance dose rates were also evaluated. Results All radiation doses were expressed in µGy. Direct radiation doses of pelvic organs were between 631.22 and 1691.87 for the O-arm and between 214.08 and 737.51 for the C-arm, and were not significant (p = 0.07). Close scattered radiation on abdominal organs were between 25.11 and 114.85 for the O-arm and between 8.03 and 55.34 for the C-arm, and were not significant (p = 0.07). Far scattered radiation doses on thorax, neck and head varied from 0.86 to 6.42 for the O-arm and from 0.04 to 3.08 for the C-arm, and were significant (p = 0.02). The dose rate at the skin entrance was 328.58 µGy.s−1 for the O-arm and 1.90 with the C-arm. Conclusion During imaging of the pelvis, absorbed doses for a 3D O-arm acquisition were higher than with one minute fluoroscopy with the C-arm. Further clinical studies comparing effective doses are needed to assess ionizing risks of the intraoperative imaging systems in children.

SCATTERED RADIATION DOSES TO CRITICAL ORGANS DURING PEDIATRIC RADIOTHERAPY.

1980 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1023
Author(s):  
Theo E. Agard ◽  
Gunther Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
Scattered Radiation ◽  
Radiation Doses

Ambient dose during intraoral radiography with current techniques: part 3: effect of tube voltage

2020 ◽  
pp. 20190362
Author(s):  
Reinier Cornelis Hoogeveen ◽  
Dirk van Beest ◽  
Erwin Berkhout
Keyword(s):  
Scattered Radiation ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Intraoral Radiography ◽  
Tube Voltage ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Beam Transmission ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ambient Dose

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the impact of tube voltage on ambient dose during intraoral radiography, specifically remnant-beam transmission and scattered radiation. Methods and materials: Remnant-beam and scattered radiation doses were recorded using a phantom at tube voltages of 60, 63, 66, and 70 kV. Mathematical equations depicting their relations were then formulated, and reference values were calculated at the various voltages tested. Total ambient doses per exposure at 60 kV and at 70 kV were compared. Results: Both remnant-beam transmission and scattered radiation increased ~40% by increasing tube voltage from 60 kV to 70 kV, and the relation was linear. A remnant beam transmission reference value of 7.5% was established at 70 kV, as well as a conversion factor of 0.035µSv/mAs at one meter for scattered radiation at 60 kV. Given longer exposure times at 60 kV, total ambient dose proved higher at 60 kV than at 70 kV. Conclusion: Higher tube voltage results in higher remnant-beam transmission and more scattered radiation per workload. The relation is linear in the range between 60kV and 70 kV. Remnant-beam transmission at 70 kV is safely assessed at 7.5%. A conversion factor at 60 kV of 0.035 µSv/mAs at one meter for the scattered radiation dose can be proposed. Total ambient dose per exposure was higher at 60kV than at 70 kV.

Scattered Radiation Doses to Infants and Children during EMI Head Scans

Radiology ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dattatraya G. Bhave ◽  
Charles A. Kelsey ◽  
Jerome Burstein ◽  
Byron G. Brogdon
Keyword(s):  
Scattered Radiation ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Radiation Doses

scholarly journals Occupational radiation exposure of orthopedists at different locations during pedicle screw insertion: An anthropomorphic phantom study

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 211-219
Author(s):  
Hsien-Wen Chiang ◽  
Re-Wen Wu ◽  
Tsung-Cheng Yin ◽  
Jung-Hui Li ◽  
Yue-Sheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Pedicle Screw ◽  
Scattered Radiation ◽  
Thoracolumbar Spine ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Operating Table ◽  
Flat Panel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
Occupational Radiation

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this work was to evaluate orthopedic surgeons’ exposure to occupational radiation doses from scattering using a mobile flat panel C-arm X-ray machine at different standing positions during an intraoperative pedicle screw implantation. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the radiation dose received by medical staff, by applying flat X-ray machine in surgical room during an intraoperative pedicle screw implantation. METHODS: A mobile flat-panel C-arm X-ray machine at a dedicated orthopedic operating room was used to image an anthropomorphic female phantom which was set in a prone position on the operating table. The X-ray was projected horizontally, and 1 minute continuous fluoroscopy was used for lumbar spine and thoracolumbar spine during pedicle screw implantation. Scattering radiation doses to orthopedic surgeons were measured at different standing positions and body heights (50, 100, 150 cm above the ground) with and without limited collimations. RESULTS: The dose area product (DAP) in this experiment is normalized as 343 μGy⋅m2. In the four areas, the lowest scattered radiation measured by DF is 11.2 vs. 0.7 μSv, outside and inside the lead suit, respectively, with or without restricted field, 150 cm above the ground, and the lowest scattered radiation dose inside the lead suit. It is 1.3 vs. 0.5 μSv. Comparing the highest dose of the TF at with the lowest dose of the DF, the average result is 73.7 vs. 11.1 μSv, P< 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Using a mobile flat-panel C-arm X-ray machine during a pedicle screw implantation, the minimum scattering radiation to surgeons was found to be at the terminal DF area based on the analysis of the scattering doses orthopedic surgeons were exposed to.

scholarly journals Scattered radiation doses absorbed by technicians at different distances from X-ray exposure: Experiments on prosthesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (s1) ◽  
pp. S1641-S1650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsien-Wen Chiang ◽  
Ya-Ling Liu ◽  
Tou-Rong Chen ◽  
Chun-Lon Chen ◽  
Hsien-Jen Chiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scattered Radiation ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
X Ray
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