occupational radiation
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2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Chen ◽  
Li-yu Shan ◽  
Tao Ma ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Zhe Feng ◽  
...  

Abstract Background X-ray cholangiography is of great value in the imaging of biliary tract diseases; however, occupational radiation exposure is unavoidable. Moreover, clinicians must manually inject the contrast dye, which may result in a relatively high incidence of adverse reactions due to unstable injection pressure. Thus, there is a need to develop a novel remote-controlled cholangiography injection device. Methods Patients with external biliary drainage requiring cholangiography were included. A remote-controlled injection device was developed with three major components: an injection pump, a pressure sensor, and a wireless remote-control panel. Image quality, adverse reactions, and radiation dose were evaluated. Results Different kinds of X-ray cholangiography were successfully and smoothly performed using this remote-controlled injection device in all patients. The incidence of adverse reactions in the device group was significantly lower than that in the manual group (4.17% vs. 13.9%, P = 0.001), and increasing the injection pressure increased the incidence of adverse reactions. In addition, the device helped operators avoid ionizing radiation completely. Conclusions With good control of injection pressure (within 10 kPa), the remote-controlled cholangiography injection device could replace the need for the doctor to inject contrast agent with good security and effectivity. It is expected to be submitted for clinical application.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuka Taniguchi ◽  
Hiroshi Wakabayashi ◽  
Hiroto Yoneyama ◽  
Zhuoqing Chen ◽  
Kei Morino ◽  
...  

AbstractThe use of effective shielding materials against radiation is important among medical staff in nuclear medicine. Hence, the current study investigated the shielding effects of a commercially available tungsten apron using gamma ray measuring instruments. Further, the occupational radiation exposure of nurses during 131I-meta-iodo-benzyl-guanidine (131I-MIBG) therapy for children with high-risk neuroblastoma was evaluated. Attachable tungsten shields in commercial tungsten aprons were set on a surface-ray source with 131I, which emit gamma rays. The mean shielding rate value was 0.1 ± 0.006 for 131I. The shielding effects of tungsten and lead aprons were evaluated using a scintillation detector. The shielding effect rates of lead and tungsten aprons against 131I was 6.3% ± 0.3% and 42.1% ± 0.2% at 50 cm; 6.1% ± 0.5% and 43.3% ± 0.3% at 1 m; and 6.4% ± 0.9% and 42.6% ± 0.6% at 2 m, respectively. Next, we assessed the occupational radiation exposure during 131I-MIBG therapy (administration dose: 666 MBq/kg, median age: 4 years). The total occupational radiation exposure dose per patient care per 131I-MIBG therapy session among nurses was 0.12 ± 0.07 mSv. The average daily radiation exposure dose per patient care among nurses was 0.03 ± 0.03 mSv. Tungsten aprons had efficient shielding effects against gamma rays and would be beneficial to reduce radiation exposures per patient care per 131I-MIBG therapy session.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Kanchan Sarga Nyaichyai

Occupational radiation safety and health is the most neglected aspect in the health sector in Nepal. There has been gross negligence in occupational safety and health as a whole in Nepal. This paper is a review of previously published articles on topics of occupational radiation safety and health in Nepal. Keywords such as Nepal, occupational safety, radiation safety, radiation risk, and health were used to search for relevant articles in PUBMED and Google Scholar. A total of 15 research articles were reviewed, which dealt with different forms of occupational radiation risks and exposure, regulatory works and consequently its knowledge and awareness among the professionals. The reviewed articles are basically of 3 types: analytical or progress reports, knowledge or awareness assessment, and measurement-based research articles. The overall status of occupational radiation safety and health does not look satisfactory. Although occupational radiation safety and health is a very important issue at an individual, social and national level in any hospital, agricultural or industrial sector, it has not received much attention so far in Nepal. This is evident by the minimal number of literature available on the status of occupational radiation safety and health in Nepal. Standard work situations and criteria have to be set up and regular radiation monitoring should be done to ensure the maintenance of quality at work. In addition, workshops, seminars, symposiums, training courses, and Continuing Professional Education (CPE) programs should be organized regularly to raise the level of radiation awareness in the profession. The state agencies need to develop and update respective national laws, policy and programs for occupational radiation safety and health. There is an utmost need for extensive researches to be performed covering overall radiation health and other services of the professionals in Nepal where radiation is being used for their advantageous purposes.


Author(s):  
Dingqing Guo ◽  
Chao Chen ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Jian Lin ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. jnmt.120.243154
Author(s):  
Sarah Frye ◽  
Alyssa M Reynolds ◽  
Crystal Botkin ◽  
Razi Muzaffar ◽  
Medhat M Osman

2021 ◽  
pp. neurintsurg-2021-018220
Author(s):  
Paulina Cewe ◽  
Robert Vorbau ◽  
Artur Omar ◽  
Adrian Elmi-Terander ◽  
Erik Edström

ObjectivesTo reduce occupational radiation exposure in a hybrid operating room (OR) used for three-dimensional (3D) image guided spine procedures. The effects of staff positioning, different X-ray imaging systems, and freestanding radiation protection shields (RPSs) were considered.MethodsAn anthropomorphic phantom was imaged with a robotic ceiling mounted hybrid OR C-arm cone beam CT (hCBCT), a mobile O-arm CBCT (oCBCT), and a mobile two-dimensional C-arm fluoroscopy system. The resulting scatter doses were measured at different positions in the hybrid OR using active personal dosimeters and an ionization chamber. Two types of RPSs were evaluated.ResultsUsing the hCBCT system instead of the oCBCT system reduced the occupational radiation dose on average by 22%. At 200 cm from the phantom, scatter doses from the hCBCT were 27% lower compared with the oCBCT. One rotational acquisition with hCBCT or oCBCT corresponded to 12 or 16 min of fluoroscopy with the C-arm, respectively. The scatter dose decreased by more than 90% behind an RPS. However, the protection was slightly less effective at 60 cm behind the RPS, due to tertiary scatter from the surroundings.ConclusionsFor 3D image guided spine procedures in the hybrid OR, occupational radiation exposure is lowered by using hCBCT rather than oCBCT. Radiation exposure can also be decreased by optimal staff positioning in the OR, considering distance to the source and positioning relative to the walls, ceiling, and RPS. In this setting and workflow, staff can use RPSs instead of heavy aprons during intraoperative CBCT imaging, to achieve effective whole body dose reduction with improved comfort.


2021 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
Borislava Petrovic ◽  
Ferenc Vicko ◽  
Dragana Radovanovic ◽  
Jelena Samac ◽  
Arpad Tot ◽  
...  

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Ramadan Ramadan Abdelatty Azab ◽  
Thanaa Helmy Mohamed ◽  
Weam Mohamed Ebeid ◽  
Noha Abdelsadek Alaarag ◽  
Amr Mansour Mohamed Zaky ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Gamma rays, x-rays, and high ultraviolet are classified as ionizing radiation as their photons have enough energy to ionize atoms, causing chemical reactions. People can be exposed to ionizing radiation under different circumstances, at home, in public places (public exposures), at their workplaces (occupational exposures), or in a medical setting (as are patients, caregivers, and volunteers). Radiation damage to tissue or organs depends on the dose of radiation received, or the absorbed dose which is expressed in a unit called the gray (Gy). The potential damage from an absorbed dose depends on the type of radiation and the sensitivity of different tissues and organs. Objective To investigate the long-term influence of the ionizing radiation on the human lens. Patients and Methods Type of Study: Cross-Sectional Study. Study Setting: Ain Shams University hospital, Ophthalmology Department. Study Period: 6 months. Results: A significant difference was found between groups regarding the presence of cataract.as 50% of exposed group had cataract compared to 26.9% of non-exposed group (P = 0.043). There was a significant positive correlation between exposure duration and cataract grade as it was longer in cases with cataract. Conclusion A significant difference was found between groups regarding the presence of cataract. As there is a risk that other ocular pathologies are related to occupational radiation exposure, further investigative studies are required to define these. It can be strongly recommended that all personnel exposed to occupational radiation have routine eye examinations.


Author(s):  
S.F. Sosnina ◽  
◽  
M.E. Sokolnikov ◽  
P.V. Okatenko

Abstract. Background: The hematopoietic system is classified as the most radiosensitive body system. Research of occupational radiation-induced hematological shifts continues to be a relevant question of occupational radiation safety. Aim: Analysis of leukocytal indices dynamics depending on the accumulated dose of occupational external gamma-exposure. Methods: The database «Leukemia in the cohort of Mayak Production Association workers hired in 1948-1958» was used as the material. Leukocytal indices were estimated based on 19592 peripheral blood analyses; dynamics of hematological shifts was traced according to accumulation of absorbed doses of occupational external gamma-radiation; comparative analysis of hemogramms with a group of workers without oncohematological pathology was carried out. Nonparametric statistical methods were applied. Results: The period of dose accumulation at the same total dose of occupational external gamma-exposure was much different in the study groups, it was much shorter for individuals who later died of leukemia. Leukocytal indices in groups were most different in the range of accumulated absorbed doses of external gamma exposure equal to 2 – 2.5 Gy and had the largest amplitude of values among the workers diagnosed for leukemia later. Conclusion: The estimation of leukocytal indices may be used as the tool for early detection of adverse hematological shifts in cell lines and may be the indicator of pathologic hemapoiesis in the exposed workers before clinical manifestation of hematological pathology.


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