THE VALUE OF URINARY SODIUM CHLORIDE DETERMINATIONS IN ACUTE SALT DEPLETION

1948 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1026-1029
Author(s):  
Chester W. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Salt Depletion

Use of a Sodium Chloride—Phosphate Buffer for pH Standardization in a New Blood-Gas Analyzer with an Isotonic Sodium Chloride Bridge

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1243-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Drinker ◽  
D C Noonan ◽  
N Ramanaiah ◽  
J R Tole
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Liquid Junction ◽  
Isotonic Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salt Depletion ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Conventional Scheme ◽  
Blood Gas Analyzer ◽  
Junction Potential

Abstract Two different blood-gas analyzers were tested to determine the effects on blood pH measurement of changing the reference bridge solution from saturated KCl to normal saline (0.16 mol of NaCl per liter). This change, which necessitated the preparation of modified buffers equimolal in NaCl with respect to blood, virtually eliminated salt depletion of the bridge solution and improved the stability of the liquid-junction potential between the bridge solution and the sample. The instruments we used were the Corning 165 pH Blood Gas Analyzer and the Radiometer E5021 pH Electrode with PHM72 Acid Base Analyzer. Comparison of results on clinical blood samples indicates that performance with the modified bufferbridge system is the same as that obtained with the conventional scheme. Analytical performances of the Corning and Radiometer instruments for PO2 and PCO2, as well as for pH, were comparable.

Effect of Adrenalectomy on Production and Excretion of Ammonia by the Kidneys

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean D. Wilson ◽  
Donald W. Seldin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Exchange Site ◽  
Circulatory Insufficiency ◽  
Salt Depletion ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

The rate and magnitude of ammonia excretion and renal glutaminase adaptation is normal in adrenalectomized rats given moderate (up to 4 mEq/day) amounts of NH4Cl. The administration of large amounts of NH4Cl (5 mEq/day or more) invariably kills adrenalectomized rats. Shortly before death, renal glutaminase adaptation was normal. Survival of adrenalectomized rats on large amounts of NH4Cl could be prolonged if potassium was eliminated from the diet. Notwithstanding the prevention of hyperkalemia by restricting potassium intake and salt depletion by the provision of adequate amounts of sodium chloride, ammonia excretion is impaired in rats given large doses of NH4Cl despite normal adaptation of renal glutaminase. It is suggested that adrenal steroids are not involved in either the maintenance or activation of the glutaminase enzyme system in the kidneys of rats. In adrenalectomized rats given large doses of NH4Cl, the diminished excretion of ammonia appears to be a consequence of a diminished Na+–H+ exchange resulting from two disturbances: a) reduced delivery of Na+ to distal tubular exchange site, owing to peripheral circulatory insufficiency arising from salt depletion or potassium intoxication; b) a specific impairment of tubular reabsorption of Na+ owing to the absence of adrenal steroids.

Metformin increases urinary sodium excretion by reducing phosphorylation of the sodium-chloride cotransporter

Metabolism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Hashimoto ◽  
Naohiro Nomura ◽  
Wakana Shoda ◽  
Kiyoshi Isobe ◽  
Hiroaki Kikuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Chloride Cotransporter
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