Comparison of End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen Saturation and Clinical Signs for the Detection of Oesophageal Intubation

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
H. Vaghadia ◽  
L. C. Jenkins ◽  
R. W. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
End Tidal Carbon Dioxide ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Oesophageal Intubation

scholarly journals Incidence of Artifacts and Deviating Values in Research Data Obtained from an Anesthesia Information Management System in Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-lee J. Hoorweg ◽  
Wietze Pasma ◽  
Leo van Wolfswinkel ◽  
Jurgen C. de Graaff
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Noninvasive Blood Pressure ◽  
Invasive Blood Pressure ◽  
End Tidal Carbon Dioxide ◽  
End Tidal

Abstract Background Vital parameter data collected in anesthesia information management systems are often used for clinical research. The validity of this type of research is dependent on the number of artifacts. Methods In this prospective observational cohort study, the incidence of artifacts in anesthesia information management system data was investigated in children undergoing anesthesia for noncardiac procedures. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of artifacts among deviating and nondeviating values, among the anesthesia phases, and among different anesthetic techniques. Results We included 136 anesthetics representing 10,236 min of anesthesia time. The incidence of artifacts was 0.5% for heart rate (95% CI: 0.4 to 0.7%), 1.3% for oxygen saturation (1.1 to 1.5%), 7.5% for end-tidal carbon dioxide (6.9 to 8.0%), 5.0% for noninvasive blood pressure (4.0 to 6.0%), and 7.3% for invasive blood pressure (5.9 to 8.8%). The incidence of artifacts among deviating values was 3.1% for heart rate (2.1 to 4.4%), 10.8% for oxygen saturation (7.6 to 14.8%), 14.1% for end-tidal carbon dioxide (13.0 to 15.2%), 14.4% for noninvasive blood pressure (10.3 to 19.4%), and 38.4% for invasive blood pressure (30.3 to 47.1%). Conclusions Not all values in anesthesia information management systems are valid. The incidence of artifacts stored in the present pediatric anesthesia practice was low for heart rate and oxygen saturation, whereas noninvasive and invasive blood pressure and end-tidal carbon dioxide had higher artifact incidences. Deviating values are more often artifacts than values in a normal range, and artifacts are associated with the phase of anesthesia and anesthetic technique. Development of (automatic) data validation systems or solutions to deal with artifacts in data is warranted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the cardiorespiratory effects of the alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine in combination with ketamine in dogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 546-554
Author(s):  
O. Guzel ◽  
D.A. Kaya ◽  
K. Altunatmaz ◽  
G. Sevim ◽  
D. Sezer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
End Tidal Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonists ◽  
Blood Gas Parameters ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels ◽  
End Tidal

In this study, we compared the effects of xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine in combination with ketamine on heart rate, respiratory rate, blood gas values, temperature and sedation scores. A total of 30 dogs were evaluated. The dogs were randomly allocated into three anaesthesia groups, each of which included ten dogs. The first group, denoted the xylazine/ketamine group, intravenously received xylazine (0.5 mg/kg) for premedication and ketamine (5 mg/kg) for induction. The second group, the medetomidine/ketamine group, intravenously received medetomidine (10 µg/kg) followed by ketamine (5 mg/kg). The third group received the dexmedetomidine/ketamine combination. This group intravenously received dexmedetomidine (3 µg/kg) for premedication and ketamine (5 mg/kg). Heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, blood gas parameters and temperature were recorded for all patients immediately before sedation onset (T<sub>0</sub>), five minutes after sedation onset (T<sub>1</sub>) and five minutes after endotracheal intubation following ketamine injection (T<sub>2</sub>). The end tidal carbon dioxide level was recorded at T<sub>2</sub>. A significant decrease in heart rate occurred following premedication in all groups. However, the decrease was most marked in the medetomidine/ketamine group. An increase was observed in venous partial pressure of carbon dioxide values at T<sub>2</sub> in the xylazine/ketamine group compared to the medetomidine/ketamine and dexmedetomidine/ketamine groups. The end tidal carbon dioxide levels were higher in the medetomidine/ketamine group than in the other two groups, and oxygen saturation of haemoglobin levels in the same group were found to be lower than in the others. It was determined that none of α<sub>2</sub>-agonists, namely xylazine, medetomidine or dexmedetomidine, had superior properties over the others. If medetomidine is used, special care should be taken because of the rapid decrease in heart rate.

scholarly journals Squamous Papilloma Causing Airway Obstruction During Conscious Sedation

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-170
Author(s):  
Paul Brady ◽  
Christine McCreary ◽  
Ken D. O'Halloran ◽  
Catherine Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Respiratory Depression ◽  
Conscious Sedation ◽  
Monitoring Tool ◽  
Squamous Papilloma ◽  
End Tidal Carbon Dioxide ◽  
End Tidal

Monitoring for respiratory depression is essential during conscious sedation. We report a case of a squamous papilloma as an unusual cause of intermittent partial airway obstruction in a 43-year-old man undergoing intravenous conscious sedation with midazolam. The Integrated Pulmonary Index (IPI) is an algorithm included in some commercially available monitors that constitutes a representation of 4 parameters: end-tidal carbon dioxide, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and pulse rate. We discuss the potential of the IPI as a monitoring tool during sedation.

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