Injection drug use and HIV transmission in Russia

Injection drug use is a known risk factor for HIV transmission, but research suggests non-injection drug use also heightens HIV risk. This study measures HIV prevalence and examines sexual behavior among drug users in Guatemala City. The multiplier method and respondent-driven sampling (RDS) were used to estimate the size of the population, generating a representative sample of 299 drug users 18+ years old living in Guatemala City. The study found that drug users tended to be males with low education and income; 6% were HIV positive. Most drug users reported sexual behaviors that heightened the risk of HIV transmission like multiple sexual partners, buying or selling sex, low rates of consistent condom use, and exchanging sex for drugs. HIV prevalence is low in Guatemala, but non-injection drug use likely increases behaviors that heighten risk of HIV transmission.

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Injection drug use and risk of HIV transmission among homeless men with mental illness

American Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1176/ajp.153.6.794 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 153 (6) ◽

pp. 794-798 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Drug Use ◽

Injection Drug Use ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Injection Drug ◽

Homeless Men

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When the Unthinkable Happens: Universal Work Precautions and Postexposure Prophylaxis in HIV

World Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1108 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 332-337

Author(s):

Praveen Ramdurg ◽

Sharanappa Kambale ◽

Vijaylaxmi B Mendigeri ◽

Mohammad Fayyaz

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Drug Use ◽

Injection Drug Use ◽

Safety Profile ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Injection Drug ◽

Postexposure Prophylaxis ◽

Occupational Contact

ABSTRACT Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) with antiretrovirals is now widely used worldwide after either occupational contact (with blood or another blood-containing fluid), or nonoccupational contact (mainly sexual or injection-drug use). It is assumed to reduce the risk of HIV transmission by at least 80%, although its efficacy has not been completely proven. Several countries have issued guidelines to help the clinician in their decision to offer PEP and to improve its cost-effectiveness. This article reviews the different antiretroviral combinations used, their safety profile, the recommendations and indications of PEP.

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Examining common mental health disorders in people living with HIV on methadone maintenance therapy in Hanoi, Vietnam

Harm Reduction Journal ◽

10.1186/s12954-021-00495-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anisa Y. Mughal ◽

Melissa Ann Stockton ◽

Quynh Bui ◽

Vivian Go ◽

Brian W. Pence ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Use ◽

Drug Use ◽

Injection Drug Use ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Methadone Maintenance ◽

Injection Drug ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Injection drug use drives HIV transmission in Southeast Asia, where around a quarter of users are living with HIV. Vietnam developed Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) programs to reduce unsafe drug abuse. Common mental health disorders (CMD), including depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), can worsen MMT outcomes and are highly prevalent among people living with HIV (PLH). We aimed to characterize HIV and CMD among MMT patients and assess the impact of HIV and CMD on MMT engagement outcomes in Hanoi, Vietnam. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at an urban MMT clinic in Hanoi. Participants were screened for CMD with the relevant sections of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Tabular comparisons and regression models were used to understand the association of HIV and CMD with substance use and methadone compliance. Results Of the 400 MMT participants, 22% were living with HIV, 11% a CMD, 27% reported injection drug use, and 27% reported methadone noncompliance. Around 17% of those with HIV also had a CMD. Reporting non injection and injection drug use were each higher among those with CMD regardless of HIV status. In addition, reporting any drug use was much higher among those with both HIV and CMD than among those with neither (73% vs 31%, p value 0.001). While methadone noncompliance was lower among PLH than among those without HIV (16.3% vs 30.1%, p value 0.010), noncompliance was higher among those with CMD than among those without (40.5% vs 25.6%, p value 0.045). Among those without HIV, noncompliance was higher among those with CMD than among those without, but among those with HIV, the opposite relationship was observed. Conclusion There is complex overlap between substance use and methadone noncompliance among MMT patients living with HIV, CMD or both. In this population, we found a high prevalence of CMD and substance use among PLH, and a high prevalence of substance use and methadone noncompliance among those with CMD. Prioritizing provision of mental health care services to MMT patients living with HIV can help improve engagement with substance use disorder treatment and reduce the risk of HIV transmission.

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