Monitoring of standard hemodynamic parameters: Heart rate, systemic blood pressure, atrial pressure, pulse oximetry, and end-tidal CO2

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the changes of respiratory rate, systemic blood pressure and heart rate variability parameters (HRV) during orthostasis in anaesthetized rabbits. Furthermore, these changes were influenced by affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system and autonomic nervous system (ANS) to study the mechanisms participating in activity of spectral frequency bands of HRV in rabbits. Ten adult rabbits (Chinchilla) were anaesthetized by ketamine and flunitrazepam. The systemic blood pressure, tidal volume and respiratory rate were measured. HRV was evaluated by microcomputer system VariaPulse TF3E. The R-R intervals were derived from the electrocardiogram signal from subcutaneous needle electrodes. The evaluation of HRV in very low (VLF; 0.01-0.05 Hz), low (LF; 0.05-0.15 Hz) and high frequency bands (HF; 0.15-2.0 Hz) was made and parameters of frequency and time analysis were calculated. The measurements were made in horizontal (supine) position, in orthostasis (the angle of 60 °) and again in supine position before and after enalapril (0.5 mg/kg b.w.), metipranolol (0.2 mg/kg b.w.), and after subsequent bilateral cervical vagotomy. The orthostasis in anaesthetized rabbits is accompanied by depression of respiratory rate reversed only by vagotomy. Furthermore, decrease of systemic blood pressure, unchanged heart rate and increased characteristics of heart rate variability were found, with predominant increase of spectral power in LF and VLF bands. This elevation can be eliminated only by complete blockade of ANS. Although the participation of ANS or RAA system in modification of individual HRV frequency bands is not as specific as in humans, we confirmed the participation of RAA system in determination of the VLF band.

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Neural mechanism underlying basilar arterial constriction by intracisternal L-NNA in anesthetized dogs

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1993.265.1.h103 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 265 (1) ◽

pp. H103-H107 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

N. Toda ◽

K. Ayajiki ◽

T. Okamura

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Cerebral Arteries ◽

Neural Mechanism ◽

Systemic Blood Pressure ◽

Systemic Blood ◽

Anesthetized Dogs ◽

Arterial Constriction ◽

Synthase Inhibitor

Basilar arterial diameters were angiographically measured in anesthetized dogs in which systemic blood pressure and heart rate were also monitored. Injections of NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), a NO synthase inhibitor, into the cisterna magna produced a significant, persistent decrease in arterial diameter, the effect being reversed by intracisternal injections of L-arginine. The vasoconstrictor effect of L-NNA was diminished in dogs treated with hexamethonium. On the other hand, treatment with phentolamine in a dose sufficient to lower blood pressure to a level similar to that attained with hexamethonium did not inhibit, but rather potentiated, the effect of intracisternal L-NNA. Nicotine injected into the vertebral artery significantly dilated the basilar artery. The effect was abolished by treatment with L-NNA applied intracisternally, the inhibition being reversed by the addition of L-arginine. Systemic blood pressure and heart rate were not altered by intracisternally applied L-NNA and L-arginine. These findings support the hypothesis that basilar arterial constriction caused by intracisternal L-NNA is associated with a suppression of NO synthesis in nitroxidergic nerves innervating the cerebroarterial wall rather than an elimination of basal release of NO from the endothelium. Functional importance of nitroxidergic vasodilator innervation in cerebral arteries in vivo is thus clarified.

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Baroreceptor influence on postural changes in blood pressure and carotid blood flow

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1963.205.2.360 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 205 (2) ◽

pp. 360-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Francis L. Abel ◽

John H. Pierce ◽

Warren G. Guntheroth

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Carotid Sinus ◽

Systemic Blood Pressure ◽

Systemic Blood ◽

Carotid Blood Flow ◽

Postural Changes ◽

Nembutal Anesthesia

The effects of 30° head-down and head-up tilting on mean systemic blood pressure, carotid blood flow, and heart rate were studied in 16 dogs under morphine and Nembutal anesthesia. The tilting procedure was further repeated after denervation of the carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreceptors and after administration of a dihydrogenated ergot alkaloid mixture (Hydergine). The results indicate that the drop in pressure in the head-down position is primarily due to baroreceptor activity and that the baroreceptors are necessary for compensatory vasoconstriction on head-up tilting. Carotid blood flow decreased in both tilted positions in the control animals; the possible relationship to cerebral blood flow is discussed.

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PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF HEART RATE AND SYSTEMIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/s0735-1097(10)61444-1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 55 (10) ◽

pp. A154.E1443

Author(s):

Malcolm M. Bersohn ◽

Shelley Shapiro ◽

Michelle P. Turner ◽

Glenna Traiger ◽

Adaani E. Frost

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Systemic Blood Pressure ◽

Systemic Blood ◽

Pulmonary Arterial

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P504 HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSE TO NON-SELECTIVE BETA BLOCKERS DESPITE LACK OF EFFECTS ON HEART RATE AND SYSTEMIC BLOOD PRESSURE

Journal of Hepatology ◽

10.1016/s0168-8278(14)60666-8 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. S237

Author(s):

S. Bota ◽

M. Mandorfer ◽

P. Schwabl ◽

P. Salzl ◽

A. Ferlitsch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Beta Blockers ◽

Systemic Blood Pressure ◽

Hemodynamic Response ◽

Systemic Blood

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Influence of Sympatholytic Drugs on the Cardiovascular Response to Isometric Exercise

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0600139 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 139-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. J. Watt ◽

R. D. Thomas ◽

P. W. Belfield ◽

P. W. Goldstraw ◽

S. H. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Cardiovascular Response ◽

Pressor Response ◽

Isometric Exercise ◽

Systemic Blood Pressure ◽

Isometric Handgrip ◽

Systemic Blood ◽

Oral Doses

1. The effects of single oral doses of various sympatholytic drugs on the heart rate and blood pressure increases during isometric handgrip contraction were studied in six healthy subjects. 2. Bethanidine reduced both the systolic and diastolic increases in pressure. Clonidine reduced the systolic but not the diastolic increase. Oxprenolol alone or in combination with phentolamine or phenyoxybenzamine failed to influence the pressor response. 3. The increase in systemic blood pressure associated with sustained contraction of voluntary muscle appears to be relatively resistant to acute sympathetic adrenoreceptor blockade in man.

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