scholarly journals Liver Preservation by Aortic Perfusion Alone Compared With Preservation by Aortic Perfusion and Additional Arterial Ex Situ Back-Table Perfusion With Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate Solution

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. e183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Otto ◽  
Michael Heise ◽  
Jochen Thies ◽  
Michael Pitton ◽  
Jens Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ ◽  
Liver Preservation ◽  
Aortic Perfusion

scholarly journals Machine Perfusion: Cold versus Warm, versus Neither. Update on Clinical Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
pp. 264-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bonaccorsi-Riani ◽  
I.M.A. Brüggenwirth ◽  
J.E. Buchwald ◽  
S. Iesari ◽  
P.N. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Machine Perfusion ◽  
Correct Trial ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Liver Preservation ◽  
Mature Phase ◽  
Normothermic Machine Perfusion ◽  
Human Livers

AbstractMachine perfusion (MP) preservation is potentially one of the most significant improvements in the field of liver transplantation in the last 20 years, and it has been considered a promising strategy for improved preservation and ex situ evaluation of extended criteria donor (ECD) organs. However, MP preservation adds significant cost and logistical considerations to liver transplantation. MP protocols are mainly classified according to the perfusion temperature with hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) and normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) being the two categories most studied so far. After extensive preclinical work, MP entered the clinical setting, and there are now several studies that demonstrated feasibility and safety. However, because of the limited quality of clinical trials, there is no compelling evidence of superiority in preservation quality, and liver MP is still considered experimental in most countries. MP preservation is moving to a more mature phase, where ongoing and future studies will bring new evidence in order to confirm their superiority in terms of clinical outcomes, organ utilization, and cost-effectiveness. Here, we present an overview of all preclinical MP studies using discarded human livers and liver MP clinical trials, and discuss their results. We describe the different perfusion protocols, pitfalls in MP study design, and provide future perspectives. Recent trials in liver MP have revealed unique challenges beyond those seen in most clinical studies. Randomized trials, correct trial design, and interpretation of data are essential to generate the data necessary to prove if MP will be the new gold standard method of liver preservation.

Normothermic ex-situ liver preservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Laing ◽  
Hynek Mergental ◽  
Darius F. Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ ◽  
Liver Preservation

scholarly journals A novel model for ex situ reperfusion of the human liver following subnormothermic machine perfusion

TECHNOLOGY ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 196-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Avruch ◽  
Bote G. Bruinsma ◽  
Pepijn D. Weeder ◽  
Gautham V. Sridharan ◽  
Robert J. Porte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Liver ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Machine Perfusion ◽  
Human Donor ◽  
Liver Preservation ◽  
Atp Levels ◽  
Preservation Method ◽  
Human Livers ◽  
Novel Model ◽  
Bile Production

Machine perfusion-based organ preservation techniques are prudently transitioning into clinical practice. Although experimental data is compelling, the outcomes in the highly variable clinical donation-transplantation setting are unpredictable. Here, we offer an intermediate tool for pre-clinical assessment of human donor livers. We present a model for ex situ reperfusion of discarded human livers and report on its application in three human livers that have undergone subnormothermic (21[Formula: see text]C) machine perfusion as an experimental preservation method. During reperfusion, the livers macroscopically reperfused in the first 15 minutes, and remained visually well-perfused for 3 hours of ex situ reperfusion. Bile production and oxygen consumption were observed throughout ex situ reperfusion. ATP levels increased 4.25-fold during SNMP. Between the end of SNMP and the end of reperfusion ATP levels dropped 45%. ALT levels in blood increased rapidly in the first 30 minutes and ALT release continued to taper off towards the end of perfusion. Release of CRP, TNF-[Formula: see text], IL-1[Formula: see text], and IL-12, IFN-[Formula: see text] was sustained during reperfusion. These findings support the use of this model for the evaluation of novel human liver preservation techniques.

Ex-situ liver preservation with machine preservation

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanns Lembach Jahnsen ◽  
Hynek Mergental ◽  
M. Thamara P.R. Perera ◽  
Darius F. Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ ◽  
Liver Preservation

Evaluation of celsior solution in experimental liver preservation using ex situ isolated rat liver perfusion

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 2437-2438 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Cascales ◽  
V Fernández-Cornejo ◽  
F Sanchez-Del Campo ◽  
M de Torre ◽  
M.R Sanchez-Eixeres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Perfusion ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Liver Preservation ◽  
Isolated Rat Liver ◽  
Rat Liver Perfusion ◽  
Experimental Liver ◽  
Isolated Rat

An in situ and ex situ TEM study of the formation of thin cobalt silicide films by molecular beam epitaxy on the silicon (100) surface

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 884-885
Author(s):  
D. Loretto ◽  
J. M. Gibson ◽  
S. M. Yalisove ◽  
R. T. Tung
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beam Epitaxy ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Metal Base ◽  
In Situ Experiments ◽  
Potential Applications

The cobalt disilicide/silicon system has potential applications as a metal-base and as a permeable-base transistor. Although thin, low defect density, films of CoSi2 on Si(111) have been successfully grown, there are reasons to believe that Si(100)/CoSi2 may be better suited to the transmission of electrons at the silicon/silicide interface than Si(111)/CoSi2. A TEM study of the formation of CoSi2 on Si(100) is therefore being conducted. We have previously reported TEM observations on Si(111)/CoSi2 grown both in situ, in an ultra high vacuum (UHV) TEM and ex situ, in a conventional Molecular Beam Epitaxy system.The procedures used for the MBE growth have been described elsewhere. In situ experiments were performed in a JEOL 200CX electron microscope, extensively modified to give a vacuum of better than 10-9 T in the specimen region and the capacity to do in situ sample heating and deposition. Cobalt was deposited onto clean Si(100) samples by thermal evaporation from cobalt-coated Ta filaments.

The use of transmission and analytical electron microscopy in studying reactions and phase transformations in thin film

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 842-843
Author(s):  
K. Barmak
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Multilayer Thin Films ◽  
Absolute Concentration ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Deposition Step

Generally, processing of thin films involves several annealing steps in addition to the deposition step. During the annealing steps, diffusion, transformations and reactions take place. In this paper, examples of the use of TEM and AEM for ex situ and in situ studies of reactions and phase transformations in thin films will be presented.The ex situ studies were carried out on Nb/Al multilayer thin films annealed to different stages of reaction. Figure 1 shows a multilayer with dNb = 383 and dAl = 117 nm annealed at 750°C for 4 hours. As can be seen in the micrograph, there are four phases, Nb/Nb3-xAl/Nb2-xAl/NbAl3, present in the film at this stage of the reaction. The composition of each of the four regions marked 1-4 was obtained by EDX analysis. The absolute concentration in each region could not be determined due to the lack of thickness and geometry parameters that were required to make the necessary absorption and fluorescence corrections.

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