scholarly journals Nearest vent, dearest friend: biodiversity of Tiancheng vent field reveals cross-ridge similarities in the Indian Ocean

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 200110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Sun ◽  
Yadong Zhou ◽  
Chong Chen ◽  
Yick Hang Kwan ◽  
Yanan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Southwest Indian Ridge ◽  
Central Indian Ridge ◽  
Diffuse Flow ◽  
Dispersal Barrier ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Biological Sampling ◽  
Indian Ridge ◽  
Key Barrier

Biodiversity of hydrothermal vents in the Indian Ocean, particularly those on the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR), are still relatively poorly understood. The Tiancheng field on the SWIR was initially reported with only a low-temperature diffuse flow venting area, but here we report two new active areas, including a chimney emitting high-temperature vent fluids. Biological sampling in these new sites doubled the known megafauna and macrofauna richness reported from Tiancheng. Significantly, we found several iconic species, such as the scaly-foot snail and the first Alviniconcha population on the SWIR. Tiancheng shares a high proportion of taxa with vents on the Central Indian Ridge (CIR) and lacks a number of key taxa that characterize other vents investigated so far on the SWIR. Population genetics of the scaly-foot snail confirmed this, as the Tiancheng population was clustered with populations from the CIR, showing low connectivity with the Longqi field. Unlike the previously examined populations, scales of the Tiancheng scaly-foot snail were coated in zinc sulfide, although this results only from precipitation. The close connection between Tiancheng and CIR vents indicates that the dispersal barrier for vent endemic species is not the Rodriguez Triple Junction as previously suggested but the transformation faults between Tiancheng and Longqi, warranting further studies on deep currents in this area to resolve the key barrier, which has important implications for biological conservation.

scholarly journals Out of the Pacific: A New Alvinellid Worm (Annelida: Terebellida) From the Northern Indian Ocean Hydrothermal Vents

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuru Han ◽  
Dongsheng Zhang ◽  
Chunsheng Wang ◽  
Yadong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Southwest Indian Ridge ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Northern Indian Ocean ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ridge

Alvinellids have long been considered to be endemic to Pacific vents until recent discovery of their presence in the Indian Ocean. Here, a new alvinellid is characterized and formally named from recently discovered vents, Wocan, and Daxi, in the northern Indian Ocean. Both morphological and molecular evidences support its placement in the genus Paralvinella, representing the first characterized alvinellid species out of the Pacific. The new species, formally described as Paralvinella mira n. sp. herein, is morphologically most similar to Paralvinella hessleri from the northwest Pacific, but the two species differ in three aspects: (1), the first three chaetigers are not fused in P. mira n. sp., whereas fused in P. hessleri; (2), paired buccal tentacles short and pointed in P. mira but large and strongly pointed in P. hessleri; (3), numerous slender oral tentacles ungrouped in P. mira but two groups in P. hessleri. Phylogenetic inference using the concatenated alignments of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes strongly supports the clustering of P. mira with two West Pacific congeners, P. hessleri and an undescribed species (Paralvinella sp. ZMBN). The resulting Indian/West Pacific lineage suggests a possible invasion into the Indian Ocean from the West Pacific. This is the third polychaete reported from Wocan hydrothermal field. Among the three species, two including P. mira and Hesiolyra heteropoda (Annelida:Hesionidae) are present in high abundance, forming an alvinellids/hesionids-dominated polychaete assemblage distinct from that at all other Central Indian Ridge and Southwest Indian Ridge vents. Thus, this study expands our understanding of alvinellid biogeography beyond the Pacific, and adds to the unique biodiversity of the northern Indian Ocean vents, with implications for biogeographic subdivision across the Indian Ocean ridges.

Segmentation of the Central Indian Ridge between 12°12′ S and the Indian Ocean Triple Junction

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. Parson ◽  
Philippe Patriat ◽  
Roger C. Searle ◽  
Anne R. Briais
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Triple Junction ◽  
Central Indian Ridge ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ridge

scholarly journals New insights into the origin and distribution of the DUPAL isotope anomaly in the Indian Ocean mantle from MORB of the Southwest Indian Ridge

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Meyzen ◽  
John N. Ludden ◽  
Eric Humler ◽  
Béatrice Luais ◽  
Michael J. Toplis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Southwest Indian Ridge ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ridge

scholarly journals A new species of Mirocaris (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Alvinocarididae) associated with hydrothermal vents on the Central Indian Ridge, Indian Ocean

2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Komai ◽  
Joel W. Martin ◽  
Krista Zala ◽  
Shinji Tsuchida ◽  
Jun Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Central Indian Ridge ◽  
Indian Ridge ◽  
A New Species

Copepoda (Siphonostomatoida: Dirivultidae) from Hydrothermal Vent Fields on the Central Indian Ridge, Indian Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4759 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIMIN LEE ◽  
DONGSUNG KIM ◽  
IL-HOI KIM
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Indian Ridge ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ridge

Eight species of copepods belonging to the family Dirivultidae (Siphonostomatoida) are described from deep-water hydrothermal vent fields on the Central Indian Ridge in the Indian Ocean. Aphotopontius limatulus Humes, 1987, previously known only from the East Pacific, is included. The other seven species are new, as follows: Aphotopontius kiost n. sp., A. muricatus n. sp., Benthoxynus constrictus n. sp., Stygiopontius spinifer n. sp., S. horridus n. sp., S. geminus n. sp., and S. quadripaxillifer n. sp. The copepodid I stage of S. horridus n. sp. is also described. This is the first record on copepods living on hydrothermal vent fields in the Indian Ocean. 

scholarly journals He–Ar–S Isotopic Compositions of Polymetallic Sulphides from Hydrothermal Vent Fields along the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indian Ridge and Their Geological Implications

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Zhongwei Wu ◽  
Xiaoming Sun ◽  
Xiguang Deng ◽  
Yao Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
Southwest Indian Ridge ◽  
Sulphide Minerals ◽  
Fast Spreading ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ridge ◽  
Sulphide Deposits

Noble gases have become a powerful tool to constrain the origin and evolution of ore-forming fluids in seafloor hydrothermal systems. The aim of this study was to apply these tracers to understand the genesis of newly discovered polymetallic sulphide deposits along the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). The helium, argon, and sulphur isotope compositions of metal sulphide minerals were measured for a number of active/inactive vent fields in the Indian Ocean. The helium concentrations and isotopic ratios in these ore samples are variable (4He: 0.09–2.42 × 10−8 cm3STP∙g−1; 3He: 0.06–3.28 × 10−13 cm3STP∙g−1; 3He/4He: 1.12–9.67 Ra) and generally greater than the modern atmosphere, but significantly lower than those in massive sulphides from the fast-spreading East Pacific Rise (EPR), especially for three Cu–Fe-rich samples from the ultramafic-hosted Tianzuo and Kairei vent fields. On the contrary, most of the SWIR sulphide deposits have somewhat higher 40Ar/36Ar ratios of trapped fluids (ranging from 290.6 to 303.4) when compared to the EPR ore samples. Moreover, the majority of sulphide minerals from the Indian Ocean have much higher δ34S values (3.0‰–9.8‰, ~5.9 on average, n = 49) than other basaltic-hosted active hydrothermal systems on the EPR. Overall, these He–Ar–S results are well within the range of seafloor massive sulphide deposits at global sediment-starved mid-ocean ridges (MORs), lying between those of air-saturated water (ASW) and mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) end members. Therefore, our study suggests that the helium was derived mainly from the MORB mantle by degassing during the high-temperature stage of hydrothermal activity, as well as from a mixture of vent fluids with variable amounts of ambient seawater during either earlier or late-stage low-temperature hydrothermal episodes, whereas the argon in ore-forming fluids trapped within sulphide minerals was predominantly derived from deep-sea water. Additionally, relatively high δ34S values exhibit a great estimated proportion (up to nearly 40%) of seawater-derived components. In summary, sub-seafloor extensive fluid circulation, pervasive low-temperature alteration, shallow seawater entrainment, and mixing processes, may make a larger contribution to the SWIR hydrothermal ore-forming systems, compared to fast-spreading centres.

scholarly journals Megafauna of the German exploration licence area for seafloor massive sulphides along the Central and South East Indian Ridge (Indian Ocean)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaas Gerdes ◽  
Terue Kihara ◽  
Pedro Martínez Arbizu ◽  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Ulrich Schwarz-Schampera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Central Indian Ridge ◽  
East Indian ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ridge ◽  
Seafloor Massive Sulphides ◽  
Massive Sulphides

The growing interest in mineral resources of the deep sea, such as seafloor massive sulphide deposits, has led to an increasing number of exploration licences issued by the International Seabed Authority. In the Indian Ocean, four licence areas exist, resulting in an increasing number of new hydrothermal vent fields and the discovery of new species. Most studies focus on active venting areas including their ecology, but the non-vent megafauna of the Central Indian Ridge and South East Indian Ridge remains poorly known. In the framework of the Indian Ocean Exploration project in the German license area for seafloor massive sulphides, baseline imagery and sampling surveys were conducted yearly during research expeditions from 2013 to 2018, using video sledges and Remotely Operated Vehicles. This is the first report of an imagery collection of megafauna from the southern Central Indian- and South East Indian Ridge, reporting the taxonomic richness and their distribution. A total of 218 taxa were recorded and identified, based on imagery, with additional morphological and molecular confirmed identifications of 20 taxa from 89 sampled specimens. The compiled fauna catalogue is a synthesis of megafauna occurrences aiming at a consistent morphological identification of taxa and showing their regional distribution. The imagery data were collected during multiple research cruises in different exploration clusters of the German licence area, located 500 km north of the Rodriguez Triple Junction along the Central Indian Ridge and 500 km southeast of it along the Southeast Indian Ridge.

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