scholarly journals Out of the Pacific: A New Alvinellid Worm (Annelida: Terebellida) From the Northern Indian Ocean Hydrothermal Vents

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuru Han ◽  
Dongsheng Zhang ◽  
Chunsheng Wang ◽  
Yadong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Southwest Indian Ridge ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Northern Indian Ocean ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ridge

Alvinellids have long been considered to be endemic to Pacific vents until recent discovery of their presence in the Indian Ocean. Here, a new alvinellid is characterized and formally named from recently discovered vents, Wocan, and Daxi, in the northern Indian Ocean. Both morphological and molecular evidences support its placement in the genus Paralvinella, representing the first characterized alvinellid species out of the Pacific. The new species, formally described as Paralvinella mira n. sp. herein, is morphologically most similar to Paralvinella hessleri from the northwest Pacific, but the two species differ in three aspects: (1), the first three chaetigers are not fused in P. mira n. sp., whereas fused in P. hessleri; (2), paired buccal tentacles short and pointed in P. mira but large and strongly pointed in P. hessleri; (3), numerous slender oral tentacles ungrouped in P. mira but two groups in P. hessleri. Phylogenetic inference using the concatenated alignments of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes strongly supports the clustering of P. mira with two West Pacific congeners, P. hessleri and an undescribed species (Paralvinella sp. ZMBN). The resulting Indian/West Pacific lineage suggests a possible invasion into the Indian Ocean from the West Pacific. This is the third polychaete reported from Wocan hydrothermal field. Among the three species, two including P. mira and Hesiolyra heteropoda (Annelida:Hesionidae) are present in high abundance, forming an alvinellids/hesionids-dominated polychaete assemblage distinct from that at all other Central Indian Ridge and Southwest Indian Ridge vents. Thus, this study expands our understanding of alvinellid biogeography beyond the Pacific, and adds to the unique biodiversity of the northern Indian Ocean vents, with implications for biogeographic subdivision across the Indian Ocean ridges.

scholarly journals Nearest vent, dearest friend: biodiversity of Tiancheng vent field reveals cross-ridge similarities in the Indian Ocean

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 200110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Sun ◽  
Yadong Zhou ◽  
Chong Chen ◽  
Yick Hang Kwan ◽  
Yanan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Southwest Indian Ridge ◽  
Central Indian Ridge ◽  
Diffuse Flow ◽  
Dispersal Barrier ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Biological Sampling ◽  
Indian Ridge ◽  
Key Barrier

Biodiversity of hydrothermal vents in the Indian Ocean, particularly those on the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR), are still relatively poorly understood. The Tiancheng field on the SWIR was initially reported with only a low-temperature diffuse flow venting area, but here we report two new active areas, including a chimney emitting high-temperature vent fluids. Biological sampling in these new sites doubled the known megafauna and macrofauna richness reported from Tiancheng. Significantly, we found several iconic species, such as the scaly-foot snail and the first Alviniconcha population on the SWIR. Tiancheng shares a high proportion of taxa with vents on the Central Indian Ridge (CIR) and lacks a number of key taxa that characterize other vents investigated so far on the SWIR. Population genetics of the scaly-foot snail confirmed this, as the Tiancheng population was clustered with populations from the CIR, showing low connectivity with the Longqi field. Unlike the previously examined populations, scales of the Tiancheng scaly-foot snail were coated in zinc sulfide, although this results only from precipitation. The close connection between Tiancheng and CIR vents indicates that the dispersal barrier for vent endemic species is not the Rodriguez Triple Junction as previously suggested but the transformation faults between Tiancheng and Longqi, warranting further studies on deep currents in this area to resolve the key barrier, which has important implications for biological conservation.

scholarly journals New insights into the origin and distribution of the DUPAL isotope anomaly in the Indian Ocean mantle from MORB of the Southwest Indian Ridge

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Meyzen ◽  
John N. Ludden ◽  
Eric Humler ◽  
Béatrice Luais ◽  
Michael J. Toplis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Southwest Indian Ridge ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ridge

scholarly journals DNA Barcoding of Scavenging Amphipod Communities at Active and Inactive Hydrothermal Vents in the Indian Ocean

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Kniesz ◽  
Anna Maria Jażdżewska ◽  
Pedro Martínez Arbizu ◽  
Terue Cristina Kihara
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Reference Databases ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
18S Rrna Genes ◽  
Chemoautotrophic Bacteria

Hydrothermal vent areas have drawn increasing interest since they were discovered in 1977. Because of chemoautotrophic bacteria, they possess high abundances of vent endemic species as well as many non-vent species around the fields. During the survey conducted by the Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, BGR) to identify inactive polymetallic sulfide deposits along Central and Southeast Indian Ridges, the INDEX project studied the scavenging amphipod community at three newly discovered hydrothermal fields. A sample consisting of 463 representatives of Amphipoda (Malacostraca: Crustacea) was collected by means of baited traps in active and inactive vents of three different sites and subsequently studied by both morphological and genetic methods. Molecular methods included the analysis of two mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [COI] and 16S rRNA) and one nuclear (18S rRNA) genes. By six delimitation methods, 22 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) belonging to 12 genera and 10 families were defined. The existence of potential species complexes was noted for the representatives of the genus Paralicella. The inactive site, where 19 species were found, showed higher species richness than did the active one, where only 10 taxa were recorded. Seven genera, Ambasiopsis, Cleonardo, Eurythenes, Parandania, Pseudonesimus, Tectovalopsis, and Valettiopsis, were observed only at inactive sites, whereas Haptocallisoma, was collected exclusively at active ones. The species Abyssorchomene distinctus (Birstein and Vinogradov, 1960), Hirondellea brevicaudata Chevreux, 1910, and Hirondellea guyoti Barnard and Ingram, 1990, have been previously reported from vent sites in the Atlantic or Pacific oceans. The present study provides the first report of Eurythenes magellanicus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) and five other already described species in the Indian Ocean. The addition of 356 sequences strongly increases the number of amphipod barcodes in reference databases and provides for the first time COI barcodes for Cleonardo neuvillei Chevreux, 1908, Haptocallisoma abyssi (Oldevig, 1959), Hirondellea guyoti, Tectovalopsis fusilus Barnard and Ingram, 1990, and the genera Haptocallisoma, Pseudonesimus, and Valettiopsis.

Redescription of Deltamysis holmquistae Bowman & Orsi, 1992 (Crustacea: Mysida: Mysidae), a mysid species new to the Atlantic Ocean with observations on the taxonomic status of Kochimysis Panampunnayil & Biju, 2007

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4729 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-518
Author(s):  
MATTHEW J. SCRIPTER ◽  
W. WAYNE PRICE ◽  
RICHARD W. HEARD
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Northern Indian Ocean ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Source Populations

The first occurrences of the estuarine mysid Deltamysis holmquistae Bowman & Orsi from the Atlantic Ocean are documented from sites on the eastern Florida and northwest Gulf of Mexico (Texas) coasts of North America. Based on examination of type material and specimens from Florida and Texas, considerable morphological variability and additional characters were observed necessitating a rediagnosis of the monotypic genus Deltamysis and a redescription of D. holmquistae. As a result of these new taxonomic criteria, the Indian Ocean species, Kochimysis pillaii Panampunnayil & Biju, described from southwest coastal India, is subsumed as a junior synonym of D. holmquistae. The current distribution of this apparently invasive species is probably due to maritime commerce. The geographical location of the endemic or source populations of D. holmquistae remains undetermined; however, its co-occurrence in California with three introduced Asian mysids suggests a northern Indian Ocean or northwest Pacific origin. 

scholarly journals Phylogeny of hydrothermal vent Iphionidae, with the description of a new species (Aphroditiformia, Annelida)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 779 ◽  
pp. 89-107
Author(s):  
Marina F. McCowin ◽  
Greg W. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
East Pacific Rise ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

The scale-worm family Iphionidae consists of four genera. Of these, Thermiphione has two accepted species, both native to hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean; T.fijiensis Miura, 1994 (West Pacific) and T.tufari Hartmann-Schröder, 1992 (East Pacific Rise). Iphionella is also known from the Pacific, and has two recognized species; Iphionellarisensis Pettibone, 1986 (East Pacific Rise, hydrothermal vents) and I.philippinensis Pettibone, 1986 (West Pacific, deep sea). In this study, phylogenetic analyses of Iphionidae from various hydrothermal vent systems of the Pacific Ocean were conducted utilizing morphology and mitochondrial (COI and 16S rRNA) and nuclear (18S and 28S rRNA) genes. The results revealed a new iphionid species, described here as Thermiphionerapanuisp. n. The analyses also demonstrated the paraphyly of Thermiphione, requiring Iphionellarisensis to be referred to the genus, as Thermiphionerisensis (Pettibone, 1986).

scholarly journals Plastics in the Indian Ocean – sources, fate, distribution and impacts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charitha Pattiaratchi ◽  
Mirjam van der Mheen ◽  
Cathleen Schlundt ◽  
Bhavani E. Narayanaswamy ◽  
Appalanaidu Sura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Northern Indian Ocean ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Subject

Abstract. Plastic debris are the most common and exponentially increasing human pollutant in the world's oceans. The distribution and impact of plastics in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans have been the subject of many studies but not so for the Indian Ocean (IO). Some of the IO rim countries have the highest population densities in the world and mis-management of plastic waste is of concern in many of these IO rim states. Some of the highest plastic-polluted rivers end up in the IO with all this suggesting that the IO receives a tremendous amount of plastic debris each year. However, the concentration, distribution and impacts of plastics in the IO are poorly understood as the region is under-sampled compared to other oceans. In this review, we discuss sources and sinks, which are specific for the IO as well as unique atmospheric, oceanographic and topographic features of the IO such as reversing wind directions due to the monsoon, fronts and upwelling regions that control plastic distribution. We identified hotspots of possible plastic accumulation in the IO, which were different in the two hemispheres. In the northern Indian Ocean, the majority of the plastic material will most likely end up being beached due to the absence of a sub-tropical gyre, whereas in the southern Indian Ocean, the garbage patch is not well defined and there may be leakage of plastics into the southern Atlantic Ocean. Hotspots of predicted plastic accumulations are identified here as well as the vast knowledge gaps about the plastic issue of the IO and point to the most striking future investigation topics.

Temperature and Salinity Effects on Alkenone Ratios Measured in Surface Sediments from the Indian Ocean

1997 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Sonzogni ◽  
Edouard Bard ◽  
Frauke Rostek ◽  
Denis Dollfus ◽  
Antoni Rosell-Melé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Unsaturation Index ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Seasonal Cycles ◽  
Northern Indian Ocean ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Major Producer ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Recent Sediments ◽  
The One

We compare alkenone unsaturation ratios measured on recent sediments from the Indian Ocean (20°N–45°S) with modern sea oceanographic parameters. For each of the core sites we estimated average seasonal cycles of sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity, which we then weighted with the seasonal productivity cycle derived from chlorophyll satellite imagery. The unsaturation index (U37K′) ranges from 0.2 to 1 and correlates with water temperature but not with salinity. TheU37K′versus SST relationship for Indian Ocean sediments (U37K′= 0.033 SST + 0.05) is similar to what has been observed for core tops from the Pacific and Atlantic oceans and the Black Sea. A global compilation for core tops givesU37K′= 0.031 T + 0.084 (R= 0.98), which is close to a previously reported calibration based on particulate organic matter from the water column. For temperatures between 24° and 29°C, however, the slope seems to decrease to about 0.02U37K′unit/°C. For Indian Ocean core tops, the ratios of total C37alkenones/total C38alkenones and the slope of theU37K′-SST relationship are similar to those previously observed for cultures ofEmiliania huxleyibut different from those previously published forGephyrocapsa oceanica.EitherE. huxleyiis a major producer of alkenones in the Indian Ocean or strains ofG. oceanicaliving in the northern Indian Ocean behave differently from the one cultured. In contrast with coccolithophorid assemblages, the ratios of C37alkenones to total C38alkenones lack clear geographic pattern in the Indian Ocean.

scholarly journals He–Ar–S Isotopic Compositions of Polymetallic Sulphides from Hydrothermal Vent Fields along the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indian Ridge and Their Geological Implications

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Zhongwei Wu ◽  
Xiaoming Sun ◽  
Xiguang Deng ◽  
Yao Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
Southwest Indian Ridge ◽  
Sulphide Minerals ◽  
Fast Spreading ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ridge ◽  
Sulphide Deposits

Noble gases have become a powerful tool to constrain the origin and evolution of ore-forming fluids in seafloor hydrothermal systems. The aim of this study was to apply these tracers to understand the genesis of newly discovered polymetallic sulphide deposits along the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). The helium, argon, and sulphur isotope compositions of metal sulphide minerals were measured for a number of active/inactive vent fields in the Indian Ocean. The helium concentrations and isotopic ratios in these ore samples are variable (4He: 0.09–2.42 × 10−8 cm3STP∙g−1; 3He: 0.06–3.28 × 10−13 cm3STP∙g−1; 3He/4He: 1.12–9.67 Ra) and generally greater than the modern atmosphere, but significantly lower than those in massive sulphides from the fast-spreading East Pacific Rise (EPR), especially for three Cu–Fe-rich samples from the ultramafic-hosted Tianzuo and Kairei vent fields. On the contrary, most of the SWIR sulphide deposits have somewhat higher 40Ar/36Ar ratios of trapped fluids (ranging from 290.6 to 303.4) when compared to the EPR ore samples. Moreover, the majority of sulphide minerals from the Indian Ocean have much higher δ34S values (3.0‰–9.8‰, ~5.9 on average, n = 49) than other basaltic-hosted active hydrothermal systems on the EPR. Overall, these He–Ar–S results are well within the range of seafloor massive sulphide deposits at global sediment-starved mid-ocean ridges (MORs), lying between those of air-saturated water (ASW) and mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) end members. Therefore, our study suggests that the helium was derived mainly from the MORB mantle by degassing during the high-temperature stage of hydrothermal activity, as well as from a mixture of vent fluids with variable amounts of ambient seawater during either earlier or late-stage low-temperature hydrothermal episodes, whereas the argon in ore-forming fluids trapped within sulphide minerals was predominantly derived from deep-sea water. Additionally, relatively high δ34S values exhibit a great estimated proportion (up to nearly 40%) of seawater-derived components. In summary, sub-seafloor extensive fluid circulation, pervasive low-temperature alteration, shallow seawater entrainment, and mixing processes, may make a larger contribution to the SWIR hydrothermal ore-forming systems, compared to fast-spreading centres.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document