scholarly journals A cryptography-based approach for movement decoding

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva L. Dyer ◽  
Mohammad Gheshlaghi Azar ◽  
Hugo L. Fernandes ◽  
Matthew G. Perich ◽  
Stephanie Naufel ◽  
...  

Brain decoders use neural recordings to infer a user’s activity or intent. To train a decoder, we generally need infer the variables of interest (covariates) using simultaneously measured neural activity. However, there are many cases where this approach is not possible. Here we overcome this problem by introducing a fundamentally new approach for decoding called distribution alignment decoding (DAD). We use the statistics of movement, much like cryptographers use the statistics of language, to find a mapping between neural activity and motor variables. DAD learns a linear decoder which aligns the distribution of its output with the typical distribution of motor outputs by minimizing their KL-divergence. We apply our approach to a two datasets collected from the motor cortex of non-human primates (NHPs): a reaching task and an isometric force production task. We study the performance of DAD and find regimes where DAD provides comparable and in some cases, better performance than a typical supervised decoder. As DAD does not rely on the ability to record motor-related outputs, it promises to broaden the set of potential applications of brain decoding.

2012 ◽  
Vol 513 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip N. Athreya ◽  
Guy Van Orden ◽  
Michael A. Riley

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 816-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bender ◽  
Jeremy R. Townsend ◽  
William C. Vantrease ◽  
Autumn C. Marshall ◽  
Ruth N. Henry ◽  
...  

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute beetroot juice (BR) administration on repeated sprint performance and isometric force production in adolescent males. Twelve male adolescents (age, 16.8 ± 1.0 years; height, 178.8 ± 9.2 cm; mass, 74.8 ± 12.5 kg; peak height velocity, 2.53 ± 1.2 years) participated in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover designed study. Participants consumed 2 × 70 mL of BR (∼12.9 mmol NO3−; Beet It Sport) or a nitrate-depleted placebo (PL) at 2.5 h prior to performing isometric mid-thigh pulls (IMTP) and 4 repeated 20-s Wingate sprints interspersed with 4 min of rest. Sprint data were analyzed by a 2 × 4 (group × time) repeated-measures ANOVA while a dependent t test was used to compare conditions for IMTP peak force. A significant main effect for time (p < 0.05) was observed for peak power (PP), average power (Pavg), and fatigue index (FI) across sprints. Compared with sprint 1, sprint 4 resulted in significant decreases in PP (p < 0.000; −16.6%) and Pavg (p = 0.000; −21.8%) and FI was significantly elevated (p < 0.000; 15.2%). No significant group × time interactions were observed between conditions for PP (p = 0.402), Pavg (p = 0.479), or FI (p = 0.37). IMTP peak force was significantly higher (p = 0.004; 13.9%) following BR consumption compared with PL. The repeated sprint protocol resulted in significant fatigue while BR did not influence sprint performance. However, it appears BR administration may improve peak force production in adolescent males.


2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob J. Sosnoff ◽  
Andrew D. Valantine ◽  
Karl M. Newell

1990 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-343
Author(s):  
Robert W. Christina ◽  
James H. Cauraugh ◽  
Aaron Shire

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document