scholarly journals Regulatory divergence of flowering time genes in the allopolyploid Brassica napus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Marc Jones ◽  
Rachel Wells ◽  
Nick Pullen ◽  
Martin Trick ◽  
Judith A. Irwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Duplicated Genes ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
Gene Expression Dynamics ◽  
Flowering Time Gene ◽  
In Cis

AbstractPolyploidy is a recurrent feature of eukaryotic evolution and has been linked to increases in complexity, adaptive radiation and speciation. Within angiosperms, such events occur repeatedly in many plant lineages. We investigated the role of duplicated genes in the regulation of flowering in Brassica napus. This relatively young allotetraploid represents a snapshot of evolution and artificial selection in progress. In line with the gene balance hypothesis, we find preferential retention of expressed flowering time genes relative to the whole genome. Furthermore, gene expression dynamics across development reveal diverged regulation of many flowering time gene copies. This finding supports the concept of responsive backup circuits being key for the retention of duplicated genes. A case study of BnaTFL1 reveals differences in cis-regulatory elements downstream of these genes that could explain this divergence. Such differences in the regulatory dynamics of duplicated genes highlight the challenges for translating gene networks from model to more complex polyploid crop species.

scholarly journals Capturing sequence variation among flowering-time regulatory gene homologs in the allopolyploid crop species Brassica napus

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Schiessl ◽  
Birgit Samans ◽  
Bruno Hüttel ◽  
Richard Reinhard ◽  
Rod J. Snowdon
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Crop Species

scholarly journals Regulation and Subfunctionalization of Flowering Time Genes in the Allotetraploid Oil Crop Brassica napus

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Schiessl
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Oil Crop ◽  
Current State ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Polyploid Crops

Flowering is a vulnerable, but crucial phase in building crop yield. Proper timing of this period is therefore decisive in obtaining optimal yields. However, genetic regulation of flowering integrates many different environmental signals and is therefore extremely complex. This complexity increases in polyploid crops which carry two or more chromosome sets, like wheat, potato or rapeseed. Here, I summarize the current state of knowledge about flowering time gene copies in rapeseed (Brassica napus), an important oil crop with a complex polyploid history and a close relationship to Arabidopsis thaliana. The current data show a high demand for more targeted studies on flowering time genes in crops rather than in models, allowing better breeding designs and a deeper understanding of evolutionary principles. Over evolutionary time, some copies of rapeseed flowering time genes changed or lost their original role, resulting in subfunctionalization of the respective homologs. For useful applications in breeding, such patterns of subfunctionalization need to be identified and better understood.

scholarly journals FLOR-ID: an interactive database of flowering-time gene networks inArabidopsis thaliana

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (D1) ◽  
pp. D1167-D1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Bouché ◽  
Guillaume Lobet ◽  
Pierre Tocquin ◽  
Claire Périlleux
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Flowering Time Gene

Transvection and Silencing of the Scr Homeotic Gene of Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (2) ◽  
pp. 733-746
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W Southworth ◽  
James A Kennison
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Polycomb Group ◽  
Homeotic Gene ◽  
Polycomb Group Proteins ◽  
Sex Combs Reduced ◽  
In Cis

Abstract The Sex combs reduced (Scr) gene specifies the identities of the labial and first thoracic segments in Drosophila melanogaster. In imaginal cells, some Scr mutations allow cis-regulatory elements on one chromosome to stimulate expression of the promoter on the homolog, a phenomenon that was named transvection by Ed Lewis in 1954. Transvection at the Scr gene is blocked by rearrangements that disrupt pairing, but is zeste independent. Silencing of the Scr gene in the second and third thoracic segments, which requires the Polycomb group proteins, is disrupted by most chromosomal aberrations within the Scr gene. Some chromosomal aberrations completely derepress Scr even in the presence of normal levels of all Polycomb group proteins. On the basis of the pattern of chromosomal aberrations that disrupt Scr gene silencing, we propose a model in which two cis-regulatory elements interact to stabilize silencing of any promoter or cis-regulatory element physically between them. This model also explains the anomalous behavior of the Scx allele of the flanking homeotic gene, Antennapedia. This allele, which is associated with an insertion near the Antennapedia P1 promoter, inactivates the Antennapedia P1 and P2 promoters in cis and derepresses the Scr promoters both in cis and on the homologous chromosome.

scholarly journals Development of mutants with varying flowering times by targeted editing of multiple SVP gene copies in Brassica napus L.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunny Ahmar ◽  
Yungu Zhai ◽  
Huibin Huang ◽  
Kaidi Yu ◽  
Muhammad Hafeez Ullah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Gene Copies

scholarly journals The control of seed oil polyunsaturate content in the polyploid crop species Brassica napus

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Wells ◽  
Martin Trick ◽  
Eleni Soumpourou ◽  
Leah Clissold ◽  
Colin Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Crop Species
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