Polygenic Scores Predict the Development of Alcohol and Nicotine Use Problems from Adolescence through Young Adulthood

AbstractObjectiveMolecular genetic studies of alcohol and nicotine have identified many genome-wide loci. We examined the predictive utility of drinking and smoking polygenic scores (PGS) for alcohol and nicotine use from late childhood to early adulthood, substance-specific versus broader-liability PGS effects, and if PGS performance varied between consumption versus pathological use.MethodsLatent growth curve models with structured residuals were used to assess the predictive utility of drinks per week and regular smoking PGS for measures of alcohol and nicotine consumption and problematic use from age 14 to 34. PGSs were generated from the largest discovery sample for alcohol and nicotine use to date (i.e., GSCAN), and examined for associations with alcohol and nicotine use in the Minnesota Twin Family Study (N=3225).ResultsThe drinking PGS was a significant predictor of age 14 problematic alcohol use and increases in problematic use during young adulthood. The smoking PGS was a significant predictor for all nicotine use outcomes. After adjusting for the effects of both PGSs, the smoking PGS demonstrated incremental predictive utility for most alcohol use outcomes and remained a significant predictor of nicotine use trajectories.ConclusionsHigher PGS for drinking and smoking were associated with more problematic levels of substance use longitudinally. The smoking PGS seems to capture both nicotine-specific and non-specific genetic liability for substance use, and may index genetic risk for broader externalizing behavior. Validation of PGS within longitudinal designs may have important clinical implications should future studies support the clinical utility of PGS for substance use disorders.

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Polygenic Scores Predict the Development of Alcohol and Nicotine Use Problems from Adolescence through Young Adulthood

10.31234/osf.io/axkqb ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joseph D. Deak ◽

D. Angus Clark ◽

Mengzhen Liu ◽

C. Emily Durbin ◽

William G. Iacono ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Externalizing Behavior ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Predictive Utility ◽

Problematic Use ◽

Discovery Sample ◽

Polygenic Scores

Objective: Molecular genetic studies of alcohol and nicotine have identified many genome-wide loci. We examined the predictive utility of drinking and smoking polygenic scores (PGS) for alcohol and nicotine use from late childhood to early adulthood, substance-specific versus broader-liability PGS effects, and if PGS performance varied between consumption versus pathological use. Methods: Latent growth curve models with structured residuals were used to assess the predictive utility of drinks per week and regular smoking PGS for measures of alcohol and nicotine consumption and problematic use from age 14 to 34. PGSs were generated from the largest discovery sample for alcohol and nicotine use to date (i.e., GSCAN), and examined for associations with alcohol and nicotine use in the Minnesota Twin Family Study (N=3225).Results: The drinking PGS was a significant predictor of age 14 problematic alcohol use and increases in problematic use during young adulthood. The smoking PGS was a significant predictor for all nicotine use outcomes. After adjusting for the effects of both PGSs, the smoking PGS demonstrated incremental predictive utility for most alcohol use outcomes and remained a significant predictor of nicotine use trajectories. Conclusions: Higher PGS for drinking and smoking were associated with more problematic levels of substance use longitudinally. The smoking PGS seems to capture both nicotine-specific and non-specific genetic liability for substance use, and may index genetic risk for broader externalizing behavior. Validation of PGS within longitudinal designs may have important clinical implications should future studies support the clinical utility of PGS for substance use disorders.

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The Influence of Paternal Separation, Paternal History of Alcohol Use Disorder Risk, and Early Substance Use on Offspring Educational Attainment by Young Adulthood

Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs ◽

10.15288/jsad.2017.78.426 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 426-434 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brooke E. Sadler ◽

Julia D. Grant ◽

Alexis E. Duncan ◽

Carolyn E. Sartor ◽

Mary Waldron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

History Of ◽

Disorder Risk

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The role of substance use coping in linking depression and alcohol use from late adolescence through early adulthood.

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1037/pha0000436 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kelsey E. Magee ◽

Arin M. Connell

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Late Adolescence

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Parsing Genetically Influenced Risk Pathways: Genetic Loci Impact Problematic Alcohol Use Via Externalizing and Specific Risk

10.1101/2021.07.20.21260861 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Peter B Barr ◽

Travis T Mallard ◽

Sandra Sanchez-Roige ◽

Holly E Poore ◽

Richard Karlsson Linner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Misuse ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Multivariate Methods ◽

Problematic Alcohol ◽

Specific Risk ◽

Polygenic Scores ◽

Psychiatric Outcomes ◽

Problematic Alcohol Use

Importance: Characterizing whether genetic variants for psychiatric outcomes operate via specific versus general pathways provides more informative measures of genetic risk, and, potentially, allows us to design more targeted prevention and interventions. Objective: Employ multivariate methods to tease apart variants associated with problematic alcohol use through either general or specific pathways and compare results to standard univariate genetic analysis of problematic alcohol use. Design: We compared results from a univariate genome wide association study (GWAS) of problematic alcohol use to those from a previous multivariate GWAS of externalizing phenotypes. We identified genetic variants associated with problematic alcohol use through a broad liability to externalizing, and those that remain after removing shared variance with externalizing. We compared these results across SNP overlap, bioannotations, genetic correlations, and polygenic scores. Setting: We included GWAS summary statistics from existing GWAS, and two US based hold out samples: The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) and the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). Participants: Publicly available GWAS of externalizing behaviors and participants in Add Health (N=5,107) and COGA (N=7,483), limited to individuals of European ancestries. Exposure(s): N/A Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s): Outcomes included problematic alcohol use (ALCP-O), shared risk for externalizing (EXT), and problematic alcohol use-specific risk (ALCP-S) for the GWASs; a preregistered list of 99 available phenotypes for genetic correlations; and substance use, substance use disorder criteria, and alcohol misuse in the polygenic score analyses. Results: The analysis differentiated SNPs operating through common versus specific risk pathways. While ALCP-O was associated with multiple phenotypes, ALCP-S was predominantly associated with alcohol use and other forms of psychopathology. Polygenic scores for ALCP-O were associated with a variety of other forms of substance use and substance use disorders, polygenic scores for ALCP-S were only associated with alcohol phenotypes. Polygenic scores for both ALCP-S and EXT show differential patterns of associations with alcohol misuse across development. Conclusions and Relevance: Focusing on the differential impacts of shared and specific risk can better characterize pathways of risk for alcohol use disorders. Multivariate methods can be a useful tool for studying many psychiatric conditions. Parsing risk pathways will become increasingly relevant as genetic information is incorporated into clinical practice for psychiatric outcomes.

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Supplemental Material for The Role of Substance Use Coping in Linking Depression and Alcohol Use From Late Adolescence Through Early Adulthood

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1037/pha0000436.supp ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Late Adolescence

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The relation of adolescent substance use to young adult autonomy, positive activity involvement, and perceived competence

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579499002382 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 915-932 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

LAURIE CHASSIN ◽

STEVEN C. PITTS ◽

CHRISTIAN DELUCIA

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Young Adult ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Drug Use ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Perceived Competence ◽

Adolescent Substance Use ◽

Adolescent Substance ◽

Activity Involvement

The current paper uses data from a longitudinal study of a high-risk sample to test the relation between adolescent alcohol and drug use and later young adult autonomy, positive activity involvement, and perceived competence. Participants (children of alcoholics and demographically matched controls) were assessed in three annual interviews in adolescence (mean age: 12.7 years at Time 1) and then again 5–7 years later, in young adulthood (median age: 20 years). Path analyses and latent growth curve models tested the effects of adolescent substance use on both self-reported and collateral-reported outcomes, controlling for correlated risk factors (parental alcoholism, adolescent psychopathology, and parental support), preexisting levels of the outcome, and concurrent young adult substance use. Results showed that adolescent drug use had a significant, unique negative effect on later autonomy and perceived competence. Alcohol use effects were more complex. Adolescent heavy drinking was associated with less positive adult outcomes, but more so in collateral reports than in self-reported outcomes. Moreover, young adult heavy drinking was either uncorrelated with or positively correlated with higher levels of perceived competence, suggesting different developmental significance of alcohol use in adolescence than in young adulthood.

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Long-term Associations Between Substance Use-Related Media Exposure, Descriptive Norms, and Alcohol Use from Adolescence to Young Adulthood

Journal of Youth and Adolescence ◽

10.1007/s10964-019-01024-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (7) ◽

pp. 1311-1326 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jordan P. Davis ◽

Eric R. Pedersen ◽

Joan S. Tucker ◽

Michael S. Dunbar ◽

Rachana Seelam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Media Exposure ◽

Descriptive Norms

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Personality, romantic relationships, and alcohol use disorder symptoms in adolescence and young adulthood: An evaluation of personality × social context interplay

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579419001111 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 1097-1112

Author(s):

Diana R. Samek ◽

Brian M. Hicks ◽

William G. Iacono ◽

Matt McGue

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Romantic Relationships ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Social Contexts ◽

Romantic Partner ◽

Adolescent Substance Use ◽

Adolescent Substance ◽

Substance Use Problems

AbstractPrior research has shown that person-level characteristics (e.g., temperament, personality) correlate and interact with social-contextual factors (e.g., parent–child relationship quality, antisocial peer affiliation) to predict adolescent substance use, but less research has examined similar processes for adult substance use problems. We addressed this gap by testing for personality × romantic partner context interplay in relation to symptoms of alcohol use disorder (AUD) at ages 24 and 29. Participants were twins in the longitudinal Minnesota Twin Family Study (N = 2,769; 52% female). Results support the corresponsive principle of personality in that we found that key personality traits in late adolescence (low constraint, negative emotionality) predicted subsequent “selection” into key social contexts in early adulthood (poorer quality romantic relationships and greater romantic partner alcohol use), which subsequently reinforced those traits and associated outcomes (including correlated AUD symptoms) through late young adulthood. There were few meaningful gender differences in these associations. There was also no support for the personality × romantic partner context interaction as a significant predictor of AUD symptoms at ages 24 or 29. Taken together with prior studies, these results suggest that such interactions may be less relevant to the development of young adult AUD compared to adolescent substance use problems.

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