scholarly journals BACTERIAL INFECTION AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS PRESENTING LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION IN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Iko-ojo Oguche ◽  
Rebecca Olajumoke Bolaji ◽  
Josiah Ademola Onaolapo ◽  
Samuel Eneojo Abah ◽  
Vivian Gga Kwaghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Mar Index ◽  
Hiv Aids

Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI) is associated with mortality and prolonged antibiotics use among HIV/AIDS patients. Sputum samples were collected from 134 HIV/AIDS patients with LRTI and productive cough, visiting University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, to determine the bacterial aetiologies and antibiotic resistance profile. Adequate for culture sputum samples were observed in only 119 subjects (75 females and 44 males) and cultured using standard procedure. Isolates were identified by biochemical method and 16SrRNA gene amplification, purification, sequencing and database nucleotide blast. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed and interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) procedures. Bacteria associated LRTI was found in 20.2% of the patients and Klebsiella pneumonia (29.7%); Enterobacter cloacae (16.7%); Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis (12.5%); Pseudomonas parafulva; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas alcaliphila; Klebsiella aerogenes (8.3%); Comamonas testosteroni; Escherichia coli; Acinetobacter junii; Acinetobacter soli and Acinetobacter baumannii were implicated. Isolates show high resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid at 94.1%, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole at 75.0% and cefotaxime at 70.0%. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index of most isolates (62.5%) is within 0.3-0.8 in a range of 0.0 to 0.8. Isolates of the same species were found to have different MAR index in different patients. However, E. cloacae, E. hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis, A. baumanni and 71.4% of K. pneumonia were Multi-drug Resistant (MDR). Interestingly, Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin and Imipenem were effective against MDR isolates and showed significant negative correlation with MAR index. We propose that antibiotics with efficacy against MDR isolates could be used to down regulate the selective pressure of other antibiotics, and these MDR pathogens, including those rarely associated with human infection poses potential threat, similar to Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Particularly, among the immunocompromised. Furthermore, HIV/AIDS patients present good metrics for profiling the burden and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria in poor countries.

scholarly journals Characterization of Candida Species Isolated from Cases of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection among HIV/AIDS Patients in Calabar, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofonime Mark Ogba ◽  
Lydia Nyong Abia-Bassey ◽  
James Epoke ◽  
Baki Idasa Mandor ◽  
Godwin Dickson Iwatt
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Characteristics and Antibiotic Resistance of Haemophilus influenzae in Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Chengdu, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Wang ◽  
Cheng-Gui Liu ◽  
Jian Xu ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Chong-Hui Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Human Respiratory Tract ◽  
Positive Rate

Background: Haemophilus influenzae is an opportunistic pathogen of the human respiratory tract. Haemophilus influenzae can cause not only respiratory tract infection in children but also otitis media, epiglottitis and sinusitis. With the widespread use of antibiotics, the positive rate of β-lactamase in H. influenzae is increasing, and the rate of antimicrobial resistance is also increasing, which increases the difficulty of clinical treatment. Objectives: To study the infection characteristics of patients and the antibiotic resistance of H. influenzae in lower respiratory tract samples of children in Chengdu, so as to provide a reference for its clinical diagnosis and the rational use of antibiotics. Methods: Sputum samples of 15891 children aged 0-14 years with lower respiratory tract infection were collected. Haemophilus influenzae was cultured and identified, its drug susceptibility tested, and the results determined according to the guidelines of CLSI 2020. Results: A total of 15891 clinical isolate strains in sputum were detected for drug sensitivity from December 2018 to January 2020, of which 5488 were H. influenzae, accounting for 34.54% (5488/15891). The sex of children infected with H. influenzae was not skewed (P > 0.05). The detection rate of H. influenzae was the highest in children aged 7 - 11 months, and the lowest was in the age group ≤ 28 d. The detection rate was the highest in spring and the lowest in autumn. The positive rate of β-lactamase was 92.0%, the resistance rate to ampicillin was 92.0%, the sensitivity to amoxicillin/clavulanate was 70.2%, and the sensitivity to cefotaxime, ofloxacin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and rifampicin was more than 90.0%. Conclusions: Children aged 7 months to 14 years were generally susceptible to H. influenzae in spring, and the positive rate of β-lactamase was high. Doctors should refer to the infection characteristics and drug resistance of H. influenzae and choose antibiotics correctly to better control the infection.

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