scholarly journals Examining the Neural Correlates of Error Awareness in a Large fMRI Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gezelle Dali ◽  
Meadhbh B. Brosnan ◽  
Jeggan Tiego ◽  
Beth Johnson ◽  
Mark Bellgrove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Error Awareness ◽  
Insula Cortex

Goal-directed behaviour is dependent upon the ability to detect errors and implement appropriate post-error adjustments. Accordingly, several studies have explored the neural activity underlying error-monitoring processes, identifying the insula cortex as crucial for error awareness and reporting mixed findings with respect to the anterior cingulate cortex. Variable patterns of activation have previously been attributed to insufficient statistical power. We therefore sought to clarify the neural correlates of error awareness in a large event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. Four hundred and two healthy participants undertook the Error Awareness Task, a motor Go/No-Go response inhibition paradigm in which participants were required to indicate their awareness of commission errors. Compared to unaware errors, aware errors were accompanied by significantly greater activity in a network of regions including the insula cortex, supramarginal gyrus, and midline structures such as the anterior cingulate cortex and supplementary motor area. Error awareness activity was related to indices of task performance and dimensional measures of psychopathology in select regions including the insula, supramarginal gyrus and supplementary motor area. Taken together, we identified a robust and reliable neural network associated with error awareness.

Fast Reaction to Different Sensory Modalities Activates Common Fields in the Motor Areas, but the Anterior Cingulate Cortex is Involved in the Speed of Reaction

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 1701-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiichi Naito ◽  
Shigeo Kinomura ◽  
Stefan Geyer ◽  
Ryuta Kawashima ◽  
Per E. Roland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Motor Areas

We examined which motor areas would participate in the coding of a simple opposition of the thumb triggered by auditory, somatosensory and visual signals. We tested which motor areas might be active in response to all three modalities, which motor structures would be activated specifically in response to each modality, and which neural populations would be involved in the speed of the reaction. The subjects were required to press a button with their right thumb as soon as they detected a change in the sensory signal. The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured quantitatively with 15O-butanol and positron emission tomography (PET) in nine normal male subjects. Cytoarchitectural areas were delimited in 10 post mortem brains by objective and quantitative methods. The images of the post mortem brains subsequently were transformed into standard anatomic format. One PET scanning for each of the sensory modalities was done. The control condition was rest with the subjects having their eyes closed. The rCBF images were anatomically standardized, and clusters of significant changes in rCBF were identified. These were localized to motor areas delimited on a preliminary basis, such as supplementary motor area (SMA), dorsal premotor zone (PMD), rostral cingulate motor area (CMAr), and within areas delimited by using microstructural i.e., cytoarchitectonic criteria, such as areas 4a, 4p, 3a, 3b, and 1. Fields of activation observed as a main effect for all three modalities were located bilaterally in the SMA, CMAr, contralateral PMD, primary motor (M1), and primary somatosensory cortex (SI). The activation in M1 engaged areas 4a and 4p and expanded into area 6. The activation in SI engaged areas 3b, 1, and extended into somatosensory association areas and the supramarginal gyrus posteriorly. We identified significant activations that were specific for each modality in the respective sensory association cortices, though no modality specific regions were found in the motor areas. Fields in the anterior cingulate cortex, rostral to the CMAr, consistently showed significant negative correlation with mean reaction time (RT) in all three tasks. These results show that simple reaction time tasks activate many subdivisions of the motor cortices. The information from different sensory modalities converge onto the common structures: the contralateral areas 4a, 4p, 3b, 1, the PMD, and bilaterally on the SMA and the CMAr. The anterior cingulate cortex might be a key structure which determine the speed of reaction in simple RT tasks.

Neural Correlates of Levels of Emotional Awareness: Evidence of an Interaction between Emotion and Attention in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Lane ◽  
Eric M. Reiman ◽  
Beatrice Axelrod ◽  
Lang-Sheng Yun ◽  
Andrew Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Emotional Awareness ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Conjunction Analysis

Recent functional imaging studies have begun to identify the neural correlates of emotion in healthy volunteers. However, studies to date have not differentially addressed the brain areas associated with the perception, experience, or expression of emotion during emotional arousal. To explore the neural correlates of emotional experience, we used positron emission tomography (PET) and 15O-water to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) in 12 healthy women during film- and recall-induced emotion and correlated CBF changes attributable to emotion with subjects' scores on the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS), a measure of individual differences in the capacity to experience emotion in a differentiated and complex way. A conjunction analysis revealed that the correla-tions between LEAS and CBF during film- and recall-induced emotion overlapped significantly (z = 3.74, p < 0.001) in Brod-mann's area 24 of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). This finding suggests that individual differences in the ability to accurately detect emotional signals interoceptively or exteroceptively may at least in part be a function of the degree to which the ACC participates in the experiential processing and response to emotion cues. To the extent that this finding is consistent with the functions of the ACC involving attention and response selection, it suggests that this neural correlate of conscious emotional experience is not exclusive to emotion.

scholarly journals Neural Correlates of Long-Term Object Memory in the Mouse Anterior Cingulate Cortex

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (16) ◽  
pp. 5598-5608 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Weible ◽  
D. C. Rowland ◽  
C. K. Monaghan ◽  
N. T. Wolfgang ◽  
C. G. Kentros
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Object Memory

scholarly journals The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex is selective for pain: Results from large-scale reverse inference

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (49) ◽  
pp. 15250-15255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Lieberman ◽  
Naomi I. Eisenberger
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Reverse Inference

Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) activation is commonly observed in studies of pain, executive control, conflict monitoring, and salience processing, making it difficult to interpret the dACC’s specific psychological function. Using Neurosynth, an automated brainmapping database [of over 10,000 functional MRI (fMRI) studies], we performed quantitative reverse inference analyses to explore the best general psychological account of the dACC function P(Ψ process|dACC activity). Results clearly indicated that the best psychological description of dACC function was related to pain processing—not executive, conflict, or salience processing. We conclude by considering that physical pain may be an instance of a broader class of survival-relevant goals monitored by the dACC, in contrast to more arbitrary temporary goals, which may be monitored by the supplementary motor area.

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