Coincidence Counter Studies of Cosmic-Ray Showers

1936 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 711-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Coincidence Counter

scholarly journals Coincidence counter measurements of cosmic rays in an aeroplane

1936 ◽  
Vol 156 (889) ◽  
pp. 570-577 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Independent Sets ◽  
Vertical Line ◽  
Coincidence Counting ◽  
Detailed Design ◽  
Recording Apparatus ◽  
Coincidence Counter ◽  
Balloon Experiments

Cosmic ray measurements on mountains are limited in general to altitudes below about 4000 meters. Above this height Regener has made successful use of small balloons carrying self-recording apparatus, and occasional flights have been made with manned balloons by Piccard, Cosyns, and by American workers. Balloon experiments are, however, hardly practicable in this country, so we decided to investigate cosmic rays, and in particular the production of showers, using an aeroplane. Facilities for flying to a height of about 10 km. Were generously provided by the Air Ministry. Apparatus Two independent sets of three tube counters were used in conjunction with the usual coincidence counting circuits. The counters could be arranged in a vertical line to record vertical penetrating particles, or in a triangle to record showers. The triple coincidences were recorded by telephone counters which were photographed at intervals together with a clock and aneroid barometer. The detailed design of the apparatus required some consideration since the aeroplane available (the Vickers Vespa machine used for high altitude experiments at the Royal Aircraft Establishment) had an open observer’s cockpit in which the counting set had to be installed.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN LOW BACKGROUND GEIGER–MÜLLER COUNTERS

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Grummitt ◽  
R. M. Brown ◽  
A. J. Cruikshank ◽  
I. L. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Low Background ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Coincidence Counter ◽  
Normal Background

G–M counting assemblies have been constructed which give dependable low background operation in routine use. Possible construction materials have been examined in detail for radioactive content in an effort to achieve minimum inherent activity in the assembly. The cosmic ray component of the normal background has been eliminated by an anticoincidence arrangement. Increased reliability of the system is obtained through (a) use of a multiple anode anti-coincidence counter in place of a bundle of tubes, (b) use of an electronic quench on both sample and shielding counters, and (c) operation of the assembly as flow counters in tandem. In the best arrangement to date a copper counter with a polystyrene seal gives a background of 0.9 counts per minute.

Independent Quality Checking of UK Low Level Radioactive Waste for Plutonium Using the SCK•CEN Hexagon 2000 Passive Neutron Coincidence Counter

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. May ◽  
R. Strange ◽  
M. Bruggeman ◽  
W. De Boeck
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Background Signal ◽  
Coincidence Counting ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Cosmic Ray Interactions ◽  
Coincidence Counter ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Low Level Radioactive Waste

Checking low level wastes requires the detection of sub-milligram levels of plutonium. This is an extreme challenge for passive neutron coincidence counting as the levels of true signal are close to the background signal caused by cosmic ray interactions. The origin of cosmic-induced background is discussed. We describe the Hexagon 2000 passive neutron coincidence counter that has been designed and built for waste quality checking of low-level radioactive waste in the UK for the Environment Agency. The instrument uses computed neutron coincidence counting and improved filtering of high multiplicity cosmic-induced events. The instrument also correlates background signal with atmospheric pressure to further increase sensitivity. Preliminary measurements of background data and of test drums containing small amounts of plutonium are described.

Coincidence Counter Studies of the Variation of Intensities of Cosmic-Ray Showers and Vertical Rays with Barometric Pressure

1935 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 578-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Stevenson ◽  
Thomas H. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Coincidence Counter

Radio-transmission of coincidence counter cosmic-ray measurements in the stratosphere

1937 ◽  
Vol 223 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Coincidence Counter

Coincidence counter studies of the variation of intensities of cosmic ray showers and vertical rays with barometric pressure

1935 ◽  
Vol 219 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-641
Author(s):  
E.C. Stevenson ◽  
Thomas M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Coincidence Counter

Study of the bending component at the knee of the cosmic ray primary spectrum

2002 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 460-462
Author(s):  
B Alessandro
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Primary Spectrum

DEVELOPMENT OF THE COSMIC RAY TECHNIQUES

1982 ◽  
Vol 43 (C8) ◽  
pp. C8-69-C8-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray

Cosmic ray variations and space weather

2010 ◽  
Vol 180 (5) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.I. Dorman
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Cosmic Ray
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