The Concept and Legal Framework for Judging Corporate Conflicts on the US Financial Market

Author(s):  
Evgenia Frolova ◽  
Agnessa Inshakova ◽  
Vladimira Dolinskaya
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 989-1007
Author(s):  
DANIELE AMOROSO

AbstractAccording to the agency paradigm enshrined by the 2001 ILC Articles on State Responsibility, private conducts are attributed to a state when they are carried out on the state's behalf or under its tight control. On closer look, this legal framework proves to be unable to deal with state involvement in human-rights violations perpetrated by powerful non-state actors, such as terrorist groups or transnational corporations. These wrongs, indeed, are often put in place with the fundamental contribution of – but not on behalf of (or under the control of) – a state, with the consequence that, under the traditional paradigm, they could not be attributed to the latter. Against this backdrop, the present paper argues that a new secondary norm has been developing that provides that private wrongs are to be imputed to a state if the latter knowingly facilitated (or otherwise co-operated in) their commission. Although international practice will be duly taken into account, the analysis will be focused mainly on US case law concerning corporate liability for international human-rights violations.


Author(s):  
Ana Belén Casares Marcos

Las reformas legislativas que han afectado en los últimos tiempos a la organización y el funcionamiento del sistema financiero español han tenido una especial repercusión en el ámbito de las cajas de ahorros. La tramitación parlamentaria de la Ley 44/2002, de 22 de noviembre, de Medidas de Reforma del Sistema Fianciero, reavivó el debate sobre su régimen jurídico y la necesidad de acotar la intervención pública en su seno. Ahonda en ello la Ley 26/2003 , de 17 de julio, de Transparencia, que extiende al ámbito de las cajas la preocupación por el corporate governance. Ambas normas responden a la necesidad de dar respuesta a algunos de los problemas más inmediatos a que se enfrentan estas entidades, si bien adolecen de un defecto fundamental por cuanto no abordan de forma exhaustiva la regulación de la institución. Se perpetúa así la trayectoria tradicional de "parcheo" del régimen jurídico aplicable a las mismas, evitando entrar en la cuestión esencial de la definición de su naturaleza jurídica y abocando a las cajas, en consecuencia, al díficil reto de acompasar su vocación social tradicional a las nuevas exigencias legales en pro de una mayor eficiencia, racionalidad y neutralidad de su acitividad económica.<br /><br />Recent legal changes pertaining to the organization and performance of the Spanish financial system have had significant repercussions on the savings banks sector. The law on financial market reform passed in 2002, Ley Financiera, raised once again the debate on their legal situation and the urge to cut down public influence on their management. The 2003 Transparency Law, Ley de Transparencia, follows this reform and extends corporate governance to Spanish savings banks. Both Laws seek to confront some of the most important issues raised by these credit institutions, but they also share the flaw of not regulating its legal framework and status completely. They continue, therefore, to add "patches" to the savings banks legislation, challenging these institutions to combine its function as a credit institution in a market economy and its position as a social foundation


2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-268
Author(s):  
Renat Bekkin

The present paper studies Islamic insurance ( takaful ) as opposed to conventional one. The first part of the paper covers, among other things, such issues as the nature and historic roots of Islamic insurance and early forms of Islamic insurance and it narrates the disputes among Muslim scholars concerning the compatibility of insurance with Islamic Shariah. The second part deals with the history and emergence of Islamic insurance in the modern financial market, as well as the practice of Islamic insurance in different countries. The third part discusses the feasibility of Islamic insurance in Russia in the current legal framework. The paper contains a comprehensive glossary of related terms.


2020 ◽  
pp. 794-842
Author(s):  
Narayan Prasad Paudel

The Nepalese financial sector is attributed of banking sector and non-banking sector. There is exponential growth in the number of financial institutions in Nepal in the last decade. The existing legal framework and institutional setup in Nepal is not conducive to the overall financial sector and private sector development and thus there is an urgent need for reformation in these sectors. The major impediments to private sector involvement in infrastructure development projects include the political and administrative instability; lack of consistent planning; lack of effective institutional support in designing and development of private sector infrastructure projects. Talking about the capital market and capital gains In Nepal, capital gains on securities transactions are taxed as ordinary income to corporations and individual investors while in most of the emerging markets capital gains on investments in stocks and bonds are not taxed, which need to be reformed as per the international practices.


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