Semantic knowledge in williams syndrome: Insights from comparing behavioural and brain processes in false memory tasks

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Fen Hsu ◽  
Annette Karmiloff-Smith ◽  
Ovid Tzeng ◽  
Rung-Tai Chin ◽  
Hua-Chen Wang
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Semantic Knowledge

The representation of semantic knowledge in a child with Williams syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally J. Robinson ◽  
Christine M. Temple
Keyword(s):  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Semantic Knowledge

scholarly journals Development of semantic knowledge in children's associative false memory

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Nabeta ◽  
Jun-ichi Mekuta ◽  
Akiko Kamigaki ◽  
Gota Matsui ◽  
Shin-Young Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
Semantic Knowledge

scholarly journals Definitions versus categorization: assessing the development of lexico-semantic knowledge in Williams syndrome

2010 ◽  
pp. 100824014249025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry R. M. Purser ◽  
Michael S. C. Thomas ◽  
Sarah Snoxall ◽  
Denis Mareschal ◽  
Annette Karmiloff-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Semantic Knowledge

scholarly journals The structure of semantic knowledge in young children's false memory.

2012 ◽  
Vol 76 (0) ◽  
pp. 2AMC23-2AMC23
Author(s):  
Kimiko IKEGAMI ◽  
Eriko OHDERA
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
Semantic Knowledge

scholarly journals Did you see that? False memories for emotional words in bilingual children

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Martina Cangelosi ◽  
Francesco Bossi ◽  
Paola Palladino
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
Memory Effect ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emotional Words ◽  
Vocabulary Skills

Abstract When participants process a list of semantically strongly related words, the ones that were not presented may later be said, falsely, to have been on the list. This ‘false memory effect’ has been investigated by means of the DRM paradigm. We applied an emotional version of it to assess the false memory effect for emotional words in bilingual children with a minority language as L1 (their mother tongue) and a monolingual control group. We found that the higher emotionality of the words enhances memory distortion for both the bilingual and the monolingual children, in spite of the disadvantage related to vocabulary skills and of the socioeconomic status that acts on semantic processing independently from the condition of bilingualism. We conclude that bilingual children develop their semantic knowledge separately from their vocabulary skills and parallel to their monolingual peers, with a comparable role played by Arousal and Valence.

scholarly journals Semantic representations in the temporal pole predict false memories

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (36) ◽  
pp. 10180-10185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Chadwick ◽  
Raeesa S. Anjum ◽  
Dharshan Kumaran ◽  
Daniel L. Schacter ◽  
Hugo J. Spiers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Neural Code ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Semantic Representations ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Temporal Pole ◽  
Semantic Hub

Recent advances in neuroscience have given us unprecedented insight into the neural mechanisms of false memory, showing that artificial memories can be inserted into the memory cells of the hippocampus in a way that is indistinguishable from true memories. However, this alone is not enough to explain how false memories can arise naturally in the course of our daily lives. Cognitive psychology has demonstrated that many instances of false memory, both in the laboratory and the real world, can be attributed to semantic interference. Whereas previous studies have found that a diverse set of regions show some involvement in semantic false memory, none have revealed the nature of the semantic representations underpinning the phenomenon. Here we use fMRI with representational similarity analysis to search for a neural code consistent with semantic false memory. We find clear evidence that false memories emerge from a similarity-based neural code in the temporal pole, a region that has been called the “semantic hub” of the brain. We further show that each individual has a partially unique semantic code within the temporal pole, and this unique code can predict idiosyncratic patterns of memory errors. Finally, we show that the same neural code can also predict variation in true-memory performance, consistent with an adaptive perspective on false memory. Taken together, our findings reveal the underlying structure of neural representations of semantic knowledge, and how this semantic structure can both enhance and distort our memories.

Cognitive Functioning in Adults with Williams Syndrome

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Howlin ◽  
Mark Davies ◽  
Orlee Udwin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Williams Syndrome

Phonomotor Versus Semantic Feature Analysis Treatment for Anomia in 58 Persons With Aphasia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 4464-4482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane L. Kendall ◽  
Megan Oelke Moldestad ◽  
Wesley Allen ◽  
Janaki Torrence ◽  
Stephen E. Nadeau
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Response Latency ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Semantic Feature ◽  
Feature Analysis ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Confrontation Naming ◽  
Semantic Feature Analysis

Purpose The ultimate goal of anomia treatment should be to achieve gains in exemplars trained in the therapy session, as well as generalization to untrained exemplars and contexts. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of phonomotor treatment, a treatment focusing on enhancement of phonological sequence knowledge, against semantic feature analysis (SFA), a lexical-semantic therapy that focuses on enhancement of semantic knowledge and is well known and commonly used to treat anomia in aphasia. Method In a between-groups randomized controlled trial, 58 persons with aphasia characterized by anomia and phonological dysfunction were randomized to receive 56–60 hr of intensively delivered treatment over 6 weeks with testing pretreatment, posttreatment, and 3 months posttreatment termination. Results There was no significant between-groups difference on the primary outcome measure (untrained nouns phonologically and semantically unrelated to each treatment) at 3 months posttreatment. Significant within-group immediately posttreatment acquisition effects for confrontation naming and response latency were observed for both groups. Treatment-specific generalization effects for confrontation naming were observed for both groups immediately and 3 months posttreatment; a significant decrease in response latency was observed at both time points for the SFA group only. Finally, significant within-group differences on the Comprehensive Aphasia Test–Disability Questionnaire ( Swinburn, Porter, & Howard, 2004 ) were observed both immediately and 3 months posttreatment for the SFA group, and significant within-group differences on the Functional Outcome Questionnaire ( Glueckauf et al., 2003 ) were found for both treatment groups 3 months posttreatment. Discussion Our results are consistent with those of prior studies that have shown that SFA treatment and phonomotor treatment generalize to untrained words that share features (semantic or phonological sequence, respectively) with the training set. However, they show that there is no significant generalization to untrained words that do not share semantic features or phonological sequence features.

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