In this paper, the evolution characteristics of landscape ecological pattern of Shenmu County are addressed based on the principles and methods of landscape ecology and the spatial analysis of GIS and Fragstats in order to maintain and improve the landscape pattern in this region as well as provide support for planning. Firstly, the typical TM / ETM images in 1989, 2002 and 2006 are pro-processed based on GIS software to analyze the land use / cover change process in Shenmu county, and then the change characteristics of landscape pattern are analyzed by landscape indicators. The results demonstrate that the regional differences among different landscape types enlarge gradually, the landscape fragmentation and heterogeneity increase constantly, and the landscape diversity and evenness decrease over the past years.