Automated Generation of E-R Diagram from a Given Text in Natural Language

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutirtha Ghosh ◽  
Prasenjit Mukherjee ◽  
Baisakhi Chakraborty ◽  
Rezaul Bashar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Automated Generation

Natural Language Processing and Biological Methods

2011 ◽  
pp. 1173-1178
Author(s):  
Gemma Bel Enguix ◽  
M. Dolores Jiménez López
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Genetic Code ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Theoretical Computer Science ◽  
Automated Generation

During the 20th century, biology—especially molecular biology—has become a pilot science, so that many disciplines have formulated their theories under models taken from biology. Computer science has become almost a bio-inspired field thanks to the great development of natural computing and DNA computing. From linguistics, interactions with biology have not been frequent during the 20th century. Nevertheless, because of the “linguistic” consideration of the genetic code, molecular biology has taken several models from formal language theory in order to explain the structure and working of DNA. Such attempts have been focused in the design of grammar-based approaches to define a combinatorics in protein and DNA sequences (Searls, 1993). Also linguistics of natural language has made some contributions in this field by means of Collado (1989), who applied generativist approaches to the analysis of the genetic code. On the other hand, and only from theoretical interest a strictly, several attempts of establishing structural parallelisms between DNA sequences and verbal language have been performed (Jakobson, 1973, Marcus, 1998, Ji, 2002). However, there is a lack of theory on the attempt of explaining the structure of human language from the results of the semiosis of the genetic code. And this is probably the only arrow that remains incomplete in order to close the path between computer science, molecular biology, biosemiotics and linguistics. Natural Language Processing (NLP) –a subfield of Artificial Intelligence that concerns the automated generation and understanding of natural languages— can take great advantage of the structural and “semantic” similarities between those codes. Specifically, taking the systemic code units and methods of combination of the genetic code, the methods of such entity can be translated to the study of natural language. Therefore, NLP could become another “bio-inspired” science, by means of theoretical computer science, that provides the theoretical tools and formalizations which are necessary for approaching such exchange of methodology. In this way, we obtain a theoretical framework where biology, NLP and computer science exchange methods and interact, thanks to the semiotic parallelism between the genetic code and natural language.

scholarly journals Automated generation of gene summaries at the Alliance of Genome Resources

Database ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjana Kishore ◽  
Valerio Arnaboldi ◽  
Ceri E Van Slyke ◽  
Juancarlos Chan ◽  
Robert S Nash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Gene Function ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Ontology Term ◽  
Potential Models ◽  
Automated Generation ◽  
Manual Curation ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Gene Data

Abstract Short paragraphs that describe gene function, referred to as gene summaries, are valued by users of biological knowledgebases for the ease with which they convey key aspects of gene function. Manual curation of gene summaries, while desirable, is difficult for knowledgebases to sustain. We developed an algorithm that uses curated, structured gene data at the Alliance of Genome Resources (Alliance; www.alliancegenome.org) to automatically generate gene summaries that simulate natural language. The gene data used for this purpose include curated associations (annotations) to ontology terms from the Gene Ontology, Disease Ontology, model organism knowledgebase (MOK)-specific anatomy ontologies and Alliance orthology data. The method uses sentence templates for each data category included in the gene summary in order to build a natural language sentence from the list of terms associated with each gene. To improve readability of the summaries when numerous gene annotations are present, we developed a new algorithm that traverses ontology graphs in order to group terms by their common ancestors. The algorithm optimizes the coverage of the initial set of terms and limits the length of the final summary, using measures of information content of each ontology term as a criterion for inclusion in the summary. The automated gene summaries are generated with each Alliance release, ensuring that they reflect current data at the Alliance. Our method effectively leverages category-specific curation efforts of the Alliance member databases to create modular, structured and standardized gene summaries for seven member species of the Alliance. These automatically generated gene summaries make cross-species gene function comparisons tenable and increase discoverability of potential models of human disease. In addition to being displayed on Alliance gene pages, these summaries are also included on several MOK gene pages.

scholarly journals A Computational Framework for Slang Generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 462-478
Author(s):  
Zhewei Sun ◽  
Richard Zemel ◽  
Yang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Language Models ◽  
Word Choice ◽  
Contextual Knowledge ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Automated Generation

Abstract Slang is a common type of informal language, but its flexible nature and paucity of data resources present challenges for existing natural language systems. We take an initial step toward machine generation of slang by developing a framework that models the speaker’s word choice in slang context. Our framework encodes novel slang meaning by relating the conventional and slang senses of a word while incorporating syntactic and contextual knowledge in slang usage. We construct the framework using a combination of probabilistic inference and neural contrastive learning. We perform rigorous evaluations on three slang dictionaries and show that our approach not only outperforms state-of-the-art language models, but also better predicts the historical emergence of slang word usages from 1960s to 2000s. We interpret the proposed models and find that the contrastively learned semantic space is sensitive to the similarities between slang and conventional senses of words. Our work creates opportunities for the automated generation and interpretation of informal language.

Interpreting Natural Language

1987 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-34
Author(s):  
Greg N. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language
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