Overview of the Standards and Metrics of Ocean Surface Vector Wind by Spaceborne Microwave Remote Sensing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Dong ◽  
Paul S. Chang ◽  
Ad Stoffellen ◽  
Marcos Portabella ◽  
Raj Kuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Microwave Remote Sensing ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Vector Wind

scholarly journals Ocean Surface Roughness Spectrum in High Wind Condition for Microwave Backscatter and Emission Computations*

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 2168-2188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Hwang ◽  
Derek M. Burrage ◽  
David W. Wang ◽  
Joel C. Wesson
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Waves ◽  
Microwave Remote Sensing ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Wind Condition ◽  
Bragg Resonance ◽  
High Wind ◽  
Radar Backscatter

Abstract Ocean surface roughness plays an important role in air–sea interaction and ocean remote sensing. Its primary contribution is from surface waves much shorter than the energetic wave components near the peak of the wave energy spectrum. Field measurements of short-scale waves are scarce. In contrast, microwave remote sensing has produced a large volume of data useful for short-wave investigation. Particularly, Bragg resonance is the primary mechanism of radar backscatter from the ocean surface and the radar serves as a spectrometer of short surface waves. The roughness spectra inverted from radar backscatter measurements expand the short-wave database to high wind conditions in which in situ sensors do not function well. Using scatterometer geophysical model functions for L-, C-, and Ku-band microwave frequencies, the inverted roughness spectra, covering Bragg resonance wavelengths from 0.012 to 0.20 m, show a convergent trend in high winds. This convergent trend is incorporated in the surface roughness spectrum model to improve the applicable wind speed range for microwave scattering and emission computations.

Error sources and feasibility for microwave remote sensing of ocean surface salinity

2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1049-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Yueh ◽  
R. West ◽  
W.J. Wilson ◽  
F.K. Li ◽  
E.G. Njoku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Microwave Remote Sensing ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
Error Sources

scholarly journals High-Wind Drag Coefficient and Whitecap Coverage Derived from Microwave Radiometer Observations in Tropical Cyclones

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 2221-2232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Microwave Remote Sensing ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Whitecap Coverage ◽  
High Winds

AbstractOcean surface roughness and whitecaps are driven by the ocean surface wind stress; thus, their values calculated from the wind speed input may vary significantly depending on the drag coefficient formula applied. Because roughness and whitecaps are critical elements of the ocean surface response in microwave remote sensing, the extensive microwave remote sensing measurements contain the information of the drag coefficient, surface roughness, and whitecap coverage. The scattering radar cross sections from global measurements under calm to tropical cyclone conditions have been used effectively to improve the formulation of the surface roughness spectrum. In this paper, the microwave radiometer measurements in tropical cyclones are exploited to extract information of the drag coefficient and whitecap coverage in high winds. The results show that when expressed as a wind speed power function, the exponent in high winds (greater than about 35 m s−1) is about −1 for the drag coefficient, 0.5 for the wind friction velocity, and 1.25 for the whitecap coverage.

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