Optimal inclusion of a photovoltaic system and wind energy resources in electrical grids is a strenuous task due to the continuous variation of their output powers and stochastic nature. Thus, it is mandatory to consider the variations of the Renewable energy resources (RERs) for efficient energy management in the electric system. The aim of the paper is to solve the energy management of a micro-grid (MG) connected to the main power system considering the variations of load demand, photovoltaic (PV), and wind turbine (WT) under deterministic and probabilistic conditions. The energy management problem is solved using an efficient algorithm, namely equilibrium optimizer (EO), for a multi-objective function which includes cost minimization, voltage profile improvement, and voltage stability improvement. The simulation results reveal that the optimal installation of a grid-connected PV unit and WT can considerably reduce the total cost and enhance system performance. In addition to that, EO is superior to both whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and sine cosine algorithm (SCA) in terms of the reported objective function.
Fundamental study on the influence of dynamic load and distributed energy resources on power system short-term voltage stability
