The paper considers the growth rates of electric vehicles, taking into account the development of electrochemical energy storage. The main lithium batteries aging mechanisms under conditions of uneven load and reversible nature of energy exchange processes with short modes of recharging batteries during regenerative braking are determined. To assess the aging of the lithium battery, the WLTC driving cycle was taken as a basis, in accordance with which the load on the electric vehicle energy storage unit the was formed. A Nissan Leaf equipped with energy storage units (ESU) of different energy intensity was adopted as a test sample. Current diagrams were obtained for one battery cell, minimum, average and maximum currents, as well as durations of traction, braking and stopping modes in various control modes of electric rolling stock are given. An assumption is made about the growth of the energy intensity of the ESU in the future period and its influence on the load of the storage battery is determined. On the basis of the data processing carried out, the main changes in the processes occurring in the power source, associated with an increase in the energy intensity of the ESU, have been revealed
Review of Battery Cell Balancing Methodologies for Optimizing Battery Pack Performance in Electric Vehicles
