Fiber optic interferometers have been studied extensively for sensing various physical characteristics such as temperature, strain, pressure, and refractive index. Fabry-Perot, Mach-Zehnder, Michelson, and Sagnac are the four different types. In this case, in this study, the operational principles of Mach-Zehnder interferometric sensor are examined. fabrication techniques, as well as application sectors. The technologies of interferometric sensors are described in detail to demonstrate their great potential in practical uses. Mach-Zehnder The interferometer is a device that measures the difference in phase shifts Between two coherent collimated beams. According to this fundamental Principle, various devices can be designed. Several devices, including various types of in-line MZI optical sensors, all-optical switches and modulator, can be created using this basic principle are discussed in this paper.
Miniature probe for all-optical double gradient-index lenses photoacoustic microscopy
