Indoor Radon and Thoron Concentration and the Associated Effective Dose Rate Determination in Dwellings of Suq Alshouk, Thiqar (Iraq)

Indoor radon/thoron concentration has been determined in some dwellings of Suq Alshouk district in Thiqar Governorate southern of Iraq, using LR-115 type II and CR-39 (SSNTDs). In this work the indoor radon/thoron concentration varies from (8-73) Bq m-3 for radon with an average 35±2Bq m-3, and ranges (1- 47) Bq m-3 for thoron with an average16±2Bq m-3. The average annual effective dose due to radon and thoron varies from 0.43-3.38m Sv y-1 with average value 1.43±0.11 mSv y-1.

Effect of Doping different Percentages of Lithium Fluoride on Some Optical Characteristics of Poly-Methyl Methacrylate Polymer

This study implements the optical characteristics of Poly-Methyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer before and after doping different percentages of Lithium Fluoride (LiF). Where the specimens were formulated as disk shape with diameter of (2.5 cm) and thickness of (0.148 cm) using Thermal pressing technology. The absorbance and reflectivity spectra were recorded in addition to their coefficients at range (300-1100) nm. Also, the study has included the determination of refraction and real and imaginary part of dielectric constant coefficients.

Effect of the Laser Surface Treatment on Properties of the Alloy (Ni-Cu-V) Nanoparticles Prepared by Powder Metallurgy Method

In this research, an alloy with a nanostructure was prepared using a metallurgical technique. To prepare an ideal alloy, three nanoscale powders were used (70 percent Ni, 25 percent Cu, and 5 percent V). The dried alloy was stored under 8 Tons of cold pressing at 80°C for 30 minutes. After that, a surface treatment of the prepared alloys with different laser energies (0, 200, 260, 300) mJ was carried out with a pulse time (10 seconds) at a distance of (100 cm). and hardness (Rockwell method) is studied. By immersing samples in a solution (3.5 percent NaCl) for different periods (3, 5, 7, 9, 11) days, the effect of laser surface treatment on the corrosion resistance of the alloy was investigated. Results show that porosity, water absorption ratio decreases after laser surface treatment with rising hardness values. Additionally, the wear resistance decreases as laser energy increases. Atomic force microscope images show that grain sizes increase as laser energy increases, and by increasing the laser energy, the surface of the nanoparticles is more homogeneous. Easy architecture and high nanostructure alloy consistency play a key role in improving the mechanical and physical properties.

Linewidth Enhancement Factor Impact on Optical Feedback Mutual Coupled Quantum Dot Lasers

In this article, we numerically study and analyse the roles of linewidth enhancement factor (α) in the dynamic operation of the mutual regime of the transmitter and receiver quantum dot laser lasers supported by optical feedback. A set model of adequate rate equations describing the overall dynamics in a quantum dot system subjected to optical feedback were solved numerically. The results reveal a clear chaotic regime between the receiver and the transmitter lasers at α = 3, which is incredibly advantageous for secure optical communications and encoding decoding data transmission. Moreover, at the other value of linewidth enhancement factors, namely 2, 2.5, 3.5 and 4, the optical regime works in high synchronisation with either periodic or steady state forms.

Bone Markers (BMKs) and its Relation with Peripheral Neuropathy (PNP) in Type 2 Diabetic Patient (T2DM) in Basrah

The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in bone metabolism by calculating markers of bone turnover (C-terminal telopeptide and osteocalcin) with type 2 diabetes and patients in diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients compared with those without diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Comparison of Controlled Hypotension Due to the Use of Dexmedetomidine, Magnesium Sulfate, and Esmolol in Craniotomy Surgery

Introduction: Craniotomy includes the temporary removal of bone flap from calvarium to access the intracranial contents, which is usually used to reduce intracranial pressure. Induced or controlled hypotension is a method by which arterial blood pressure is predictably reduced, thus reducing bleeding. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the dexmedetomidine, magnesium sulfate, and esmolol in controlled hypotension in craniotomy of patients with brain injury. Materials and methods: In this randomized double-blind clinical trial, 45 patients entered into study based on inclusion criteria. All patients were monitored when entering operating room. The questionnaire was completed by all groups, in which PR, MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure), mean bleeding score, mean of received packed cells, controlled hypotension and bradycardia, and survival of patients were recorded. Data were analyzed using spss software version 19, and ANOVA and T-Test were used for statistical significance analysis. Results: The mean age and standard deviations of the three groups of dexmedetomidine, esmolol and magnesium sulfate were 36.78±10.32, 34.47±10.58, and 39.67±11.99 years, respectively. There was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of age, gender, initial heart rate and baseline blood pressure (BP). The MAP and bleeding score (P=0.04 and P=0.0001) was significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the other two groups. Although the heart rate in the esmolol group was lower than the other two groups, the difference was not significant (P = 0.128). Unlike esmolol and magnesium sulfate groups, GOS did not decrease in the dexmedetomidine group. Conclusion: Comparison of the three groups in controlled hypotension in craniotomy surgery showed that the MAP and bleeding score of dexmedetomidine group was significantly lower than the other two groups, and the GOS didn’t decrease in this group. In general, dexmedetomidine would be a better choice for controlled hypotension in craniotomy.

Brain Tissues Affection After Oral Tramadol: An Experiment Study

Tramadol may lead to the accumulation of toxic components in the body. This study aims to detect the toxic effect of tramadol on brain tissues. The clinical experiment was carried out at the Department of Neurosurgery, Ibn Sina Hospital. Ten rats of both sex weighing (180-300 g) were selected from the veterinary house. Brain tissues were immediately removed and put into 10% neutral buffer formalin for fixation, then stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain. A significant decrease in the brain weight in rats when given the tramadol in dose 50 mg/ kg. Changes included a mild degree of tissue injury in the cerebral cortex, increase in vacuolar degeneration, with atrophy and degeneration of neurons. There are toxic effects when tramadol describes for a long time on the brain tissues.

Investigating the Effect of Tic Coating Layer on the Surface Roughness of Tungsten Carbide Cutting Tools Using Taguchi Design

In this study, external longitudinal turning operation was performed on (AISI 1020) steel to examine the influences of coating of the cutting tool on the machined surface roughness. The cutting tools used were coated and uncoated cemented carbide inserts. The tests are performed at four spindle speeds (80, 315, 500, and 800) rpm, at each of which two feed rates (0.2 and 0.5mm/rev) and two depth of cut (0.5 and 0.7mm) were used. Taguchi design of experiments (DOE) with a designed mathematical predictive model was used to investigate the effect of the coating layer and determine the machining conditions for minimum surface roughness. Accordingly, a suitable mixed orthogonal array L16 (3*4) was selected. The results showed that the surface roughness produced by using TiC coated inserts for identical machining conditions was lower than that produced due to uncoated tool by 41% to 53%. Regression analysis showed that the non-linear quadratic polynomial equation appears to be more suitable for representing the relation of spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut with the surface roughness. Taguchi method and the designed mathematical model had been used to predict the optimal cutting conditions. A confirmation test for the obtained results verified that the designed Taguchi experiments and the designed model successfully investigated the effect of the coating on the surface roughness. Data fit ver.9 and Mtb14 software had been employed to achieve the object of the presented work.

Time Evolution of the Position Operators in a Bilayer Graphene

In this work, the researchers mainly focus on the trembling motion which is known as Zitterbewegung in a bilayer grapheme. This is effectively achieved by means of the long-wave approximation. That is, the Heisenberg representation is ultimately employed in order to derive the analytical expression concerning the expectation value related to the position operator along the longitudinal and transversal orientation, which describes the motion concerning the electronic wave packet inside the bilayer graphene. Parameters’ numbers are considered to explicate the packet of Gaussian wave, including the polarization of initial pseudo-spin as well as the wave number of the initial carrier number along with the localized wave packet’s width along the longitudinal as well as transversal orientation. Consequently, the researchers show that the obvious oscillation in position operator can be effectively controlled not only by what is known as the initial parameters concerning the wave packet. Rather, it can mainly be controlled by selecting the localized quantum state’s components. Furthermore, the interference’s analysis between the conduction as well as valence bands concerning quantum states is really emphasized as the ability of what can be described as the transient’s emergence, or in a sense, aperiodic temporal oscillations concerning the average value of position operator in the bilayer graphene.

Tensile and Liquid Absorption Properties of Polyester-based Composites as Alternative Marble Materials

Three polyester-based composite materials were prepared with different volume fractions of three types of fillers (i.e. cement, gypsum and limestone) with the aim of improving the tensile and liquid absorption properties of the former for the synthetic marble industry. The tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, toughness, ductility and liquid absorption percentage of the composites were characterized. Results revealed an increase in the modulus of elasticity, tensile strength and toughness of all prepared composites, as well as a decrease in their ductility, with increasing filler amount. The liquid absorption values of all composites increased with increasing filler content. The composites were able to absorb water extensively but absorbed benzene, kerosene and gasoil minimally.