Initial excitatory conditioning with the truly random control procedure in rats: The effects of density of the conditioned stimulus

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuya Kitaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Control Procedure ◽  
Excitatory Conditioning ◽  
Random Control ◽  
Effects Of Density

Pigeons’ Withdrawal from an Appetitive Conditioned Inhibitor under two Training Procedures

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (2b) ◽  
pp. 77-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Gaffan ◽  
M. M. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Inhibition ◽  
Food Reinforcement ◽  
Food Presentation ◽  
Summation Test ◽  
Control Procedure ◽  
Excitatory Conditioning ◽  
Conditioned Inhibitor ◽  
Presentation Frequency ◽  
Negative Contingency ◽  
Random Control

The approach-withdrawal behaviour of pigeons to a red keylight was measured under three conditions; a negative contingency (NC) between keylight and food reinforcement, a CI or conditioned inhibition procedure where the keylight was non-reinforced in compound with a tone which was reinforced when presented alone, and a random control procedure (RC). The keylight-food contingencies in CI and NC were identical, and keylight and food presentation frequency were the same in all conditions. Subsequently the effect of adding the red keylight to a novel CS+ during or after excitatory conditioning was examined (summation test of inhibition). The inhibitory procedures, CI and NC, generally yielded similar functions for the acquisition of withdrawal, and the results of the withdrawal and summation measures were positively correlated. The implications of the results for theories of the acquisition and behavioural action of conditioned inhibitors are discussed.

Prevention of the degraded-contingency effect by signalling training trials

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (2b) ◽  
pp. 97-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Gunther ◽  
Ralph R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Excitatory Conditioning ◽  
Retrospective Revaluation ◽  
Target Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Stimulus Effect ◽  
Conditioned Responding ◽  
Effect Experiment ◽  
Contingency Effect

Presentation of unsignalled unconditioned stimuli (USs) interspersed among Pavlovian excitatory conditioning trials weakens conditioned responding to a target conditioned stimulus (CS; Rescorla, 1968). However, signalling these intertrial USs with another cue (a cover stimulus) has been shown to alleviate this degraded-contingency effect (e.g. Durlach, 1982, 1983). In contrast to signalling the inter-trial USs, the present experiments examined the effect on the degraded-contingency effect of signalling the target CS-US pairings. Experiment 1, using parameters selected to avoid overshadowing, found that consistently presenting a cover stimulus immediately prior to the target CS-US pairings during degraded-contingency training alleviated the degraded-contingency effect. Experiment 2 examined the underlying mechanism responsible for this cover-stimulus effect through posttraining associative inflation of the cover stimulus or the context, and found that inflation of the cover stimulus attenuated responding to the target CS (i.e. empirical retrospective revaluation). The results are discussed in terms of various acquisition- and expression-focused models of acquired responding.

Truly Random Control Group in Pavlovian Conditioning of Planaria (Dugesia Dorotocephala)

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 987-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe J. Levison ◽  
Edward I. Gavurin
Keyword(s):  
Pavlovian Conditioning ◽  
Trace Conditioning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Excitatory Conditioning ◽  
Conditioning Group ◽  
Conditioning Procedure ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Random Group ◽  
Dugesia Dorotocephala ◽  
Random Control

Both Jensen (1965) and Dyal (1973) have called for the introduction of the truly random control group in studies of planaria to provide an appropriate baseline against which to evaluate the associative effects of CS-US pairings. Accordingly, an experiment was performed comparing a Pavlovian excitatory conditioning group both with the traditional unpaired control group and a Rescorla truly random group. Three conditions were compared (six planaria in each) using a trace conditioning procedure (3-sec. light CS followed by a 1-sec. shock US). The major results of the experiment were that (a) the Pavlovian excitatory group showed an increase in performance only for the contraction CR measure, (b) head turns and combined CR measures showed only decreases or no changes in performance in any of the groups; (c) the performance of the truly random control group was between the Pavlovian excitatory and unpaired control groups, providing support for the notion that the latter is not truly a control condition but an inhibitory one.

Analyzing the random control procedure: Effects of paired and unpaired CSs and USs on autoshaping the chick's key peck with heat reinforcement

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward A. Wasserman ◽  
James D. Deich ◽  
Norman B. Hunter ◽  
Linda S. Nagamatsu
Keyword(s):  
Control Procedure ◽  
Key Peck ◽  
Random Control

Factors Influencing Electrophysiologic Responsivity in Normal Adults

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-347
Author(s):  
Robert Goldstein ◽  
Benjamin RosenblÜt
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
White Light ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Alpha Rhythm ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Inverse Relation ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Electrodermal Responses ◽  
Normal Adults

Electrodermal and electroencephalic responsivity to sound and to light was studied in 96 normal-hearing adults in three separate sessions. The subjects were subdivided into equal groups of white men, white women, colored men, and colored women. A 1 000 cps pure tone was the conditioned stimulus in two sessions and white light was used in a third session. Heat was the unconditioned stimulus in all sessions. Previously, an inverse relation had been found in white men between the prominence of alpha rhythm in the EEG and the ease with which electrodermal responses could be elicited. This relation did not hold true for white women. The main purpose of the present study was to answer the following questions: (1) are the previous findings on white subjects applicable to colored subjects? (2) are subjects who are most (or least) responsive electrophysiologically on one day equally responsive (or unresponsive) on another day? and (3) are subjects who are most (or least) responsive to sound equally responsive (or unresponsive) to light? In general, each question was answered affirmatively. Other factors influencing responsivity were also studied.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document