This chapter describes the epidemiology, clinical presentation, assessment, and management of the many psychosocial issues and neuropsychiatric syndromes that may arise in patients with hematopoietic dyscrasias, including those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy. We focus our discussion on adults who are undergoing acute treatment and briefly discuss issues faced by long-term survivors, families, and caregivers. Although an increasing body of literature supports evidence-based management strategies, clinical recommendations for treatment continue to incorporate both empirical evidence and expert opinion. We conclude by proposing directions for future research that will lead to improved care and outcomes for this population.