Assessing zinc tolerance in two butterfly species: consequences for conservation in polluted environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Shephard ◽  
Timothy S. Mitchell ◽  
Sara B. Henry ◽  
Karen S. Oberhauser ◽  
Megan E. Kobiela ◽  
...  

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Antonio Pulido-Pastor ◽  
Ana Luz Márquez ◽  
José Carlos Guerrero ◽  
Enrique García-Barros ◽  
Raimundo Real

Metapopulation theory considers that the populations of many species are fragmented into patches connected by the migration of individuals through an interterritorial matrix. We applied fuzzy set theory and environmental favorability (F) functions to reveal the metapopulational structure of the 222 butterfly species in the Iberian Peninsula. We used the sets of contiguous grid cells with high favorability (F ≥ 0.8), to identify the favorable patches for each species. We superimposed the known occurrence data to reveal the occupied and empty favorable patches, as unoccupied patches are functional in a metapopulation dynamics analysis. We analyzed the connectivity between patches of each metapopulation by focusing on the territory of intermediate and low favorability for the species (F < 0.8). The friction that each cell opposes to the passage of individuals was computed as 1-F. We used the r.cost function of QGIS to calculate the cost of reaching each cell from a favorable patch. The inverse of the cost was computed as connectivity. Only 126 species can be considered to have a metapopulation structure. These metapopulation structures are part of the dark biodiversity of butterflies because their identification is not evident from the observation of the occurrence data but was revealed using favorability functions.



1990 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F.M. Van Steveninck ◽  
M.E. Van Steveninck ◽  
A.J. Wells ◽  
D.R. Fernando
Keyword(s):  






2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 788-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-dong Yang ◽  
Yu-yan Wang ◽  
Feng-liang Zhao ◽  
Zhe-li Ding ◽  
Xin-cheng Zhang ◽  
...  


Author(s):  
Jiang Bian ◽  
Lingyun Wang ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Nathan Simth ◽  
Lingzhi Zhang ◽  
...  


Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 942
Author(s):  
Isabela Freitas Oliveira ◽  
Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro ◽  
Fernanda P. Werneck ◽  
Thamara Zacca ◽  
Torbjørn Haugaasen

Amazonia comprises a mosaic of contrasting habitats, with wide environmental heterogeneity at local and regional scales. In central Amazonia, upland forest (terra firme) is the predominant forest type and seasonally flooded forests inundated by white- and black-water rivers (várzea and igapó, respectively) represent around 20% of the forested areas. In this work, we took advantage of a natural spatial arrangement of the main vegetation types in central Amazonia to investigate butterfly assemblage structure in terra firme, várzea and igapó forests at the local scale. We sampled in the low- and high-water seasons, combining active and passive sampling with traps placed in both the understory and canopy. Terra firme supported the highest number of butterfly species, whereas várzea forest provided the highest number of butterfly captures. The high species richness in terra firme may reflect that this forest type is floristically richer than várzea and igapó. Várzea is a very productive environment and may thus support a higher number of butterfly individuals than terra firme and igapó. Most butterfly species (80.2%) were unique to a single forest type and 17 can be considered forest type indicator species in this landscape. Floodplain forest environments are therefore an important complement to terra firme in terms of butterfly species richness and conservation in Amazonia.



PLoS Genetics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e1004375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Remy ◽  
Tânia R. Cabrito ◽  
Rita A. Batista ◽  
Mohamed A. M. Hussein ◽  
Miguel C. Teixeira ◽  
...  


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