Lateral bud development and shoot growth in low-pruned Morus alba as affected by stem orientation

1989 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeo Suzuki ◽  
Minoru Kitano
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Lateral Bud

Interaction between gibberellin A4/7 and root-pruning on the reproductive and vegetative processes in Douglas-fir. IV. Effects on lateral bud development

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Owens ◽  
J. E. Webber ◽  
S. D. Ross ◽  
R. P. Pharis
Keyword(s):  
Normal Development ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Lateral Bud ◽  
Mitotic Frequency ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
Vegetative Bud

The anatomy, mitotic frequency, size, and total insoluble carbohydrate histochemistry was studied in axillary apices from 9- and 10-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees after cone induction treatments of root-pruning and (or) stem injections of a gibberellin A4 and A7 (GA4/7) mixture. Axillary buds were initiated at the time of root-pruning, but root-pruning treatment had no effect on axillary bud initiation. Axillary apices from control and gibberellin-treated trees were similar and followed the normal sequence of bud-scale initiation, differentiation, and leaf initiation (described previously) and no cone buds differentiated. Early development of axillary apices from root-pruned and root-pruned, gibberellin-treated trees was normal, but development became retarded near the time of vegetative bud flush. Retarded apices were small with low mitotic frequency and developed many features characteristics of latent apices. Retardation of axillary apices continued until mid-July when normal development resumed and apices differentiated into reproductive buds or vegetative buds, or became latent. The trees in which the greatest retardation of apical development occurred during lateral shoot elongation produced the most cone buds. These results are discussed in relation to hypotheses proposed to explain how cultural and gibberellin treatments affect cone induction in the Pinaceae.

scholarly journals Inflorescence Bud Initiation, Development, and Bloom in Two Southern Highbush Blueberry Cultivars

2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisson P. Kovaleski ◽  
Jeffrey G. Williamson ◽  
James W. Olmstead ◽  
Rebecca L. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
The Relationship

Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) production is increasing worldwide, particularly in subtropical growing regions, but information on timing and extent of inflorescence bud development during summer and fall and effects on bloom the next season are limited. The objectives of this study were to determine time of inflorescence bud initiation, describe internal inflorescence bud development, and determine the relationship between internal inflorescence bud development and bloom period the next spring in two southern highbush blueberry [SHB (Vaccinium corymbosum interspecific hybrids)] cultivars. ‘Emerald’ and ‘Jewel’ SHB buds were collected beginning in late summer until shoot growth cessation in late fall for dissection and identification of organ development. Inflorescence bud frequency and number, vegetative and inflorescence bud length and width throughout development, and bloom were also assessed. Inflorescence bud initiation occurred earlier in ‘Emerald’ compared with ‘Jewel’. Five stages of internal inflorescence bud development were defined throughout fall in both cultivars, ranging from a vegetative meristem to early expansion of the inflorescence bud in late fall. ‘Emerald’ inflorescence buds were larger and bloomed earlier, reflecting the earlier inflorescence bud initiation and development. Although inflorescence bud initiation occurred earlier in ‘Emerald’ compared with ‘Jewel’, the pattern of development was not different. Timing of inflorescence bud initiation influenced timing of bloom with earlier initiation resulting in earlier bloom.

Shoot growth processes, assessed by bud development types, reflect Norway spruce vitality and sink prioritization

2006 ◽  
Vol 225 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 337-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Polák ◽  
Barrett N. Rock ◽  
Petya Entcheva Campbell ◽  
Jitka Soukupová ◽  
Blanka Solcová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Bud Development

Long-shoot bud development, shoot growth, and foliage production in provenances of lodgepole pine

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1421-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor O'Reilly ◽  
John N. Owens
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Apical Growth ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Provenance Trial ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Shoot Bud ◽  
Long Shoots

Long-shoot bud development, shoot growth, and foliage production were studied in seven provenances of Pinuscontorta Dougl. ssp. latifolia Engelm. from the major sites in British Columbia and one Yukon source growing in a provenance trial at Prince George, B.C. Branch terminal apical mitotic activity began in early March and continued until late September. Initiation of axillary buds began in May, about 2 weeks after the initiation of the subtending cataphyll. Differentiation of dwarf shoots began in early July to mid-August and continued until late October in some sources. Distal axillary buds had not always differentiated by late October in the southern sources. The duration of the period of apical growth and apical size during activity were related to final cataphyll numbers. Provenances with the widest, flattest, dormant apices produced the most cataphylls. The two northern provenances had more terminal sterile cataphylls but fewer sterile cataphylls lower in the long-shoot bud and shorter mean stem unit lengths than the others. Differences among provenances in shoot length were due mostly to variation in stem unit numbers. The large proportion of polycyclic long shoots in some provenances contributed to variation in dwarf shoot numbers.

scholarly journals Low Oxygen Delays Budbreak of Apple Trees in Greenhouse and Prolongs Storage Life

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 890-891
Author(s):  
Eric Young ◽  
S.M. Blankenship
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Storage Life ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Ambient Oxygen

Three percent oxygen significantly delayed and reduced budbreak of fully chilled apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees in a greenhouse. When ambient oxygen levels were restored, budbreak occurred normally. Apple trees stored under 3% ± 1% oxygen at 6C for 35 weeks had no detectable bud development in storage. Budbreak and subsequent shoot growth were normal after the trees had been removed from storage.

scholarly journals Effect of Uniconazole on Shoot Growth and Budset of Containerized Fraser Fir

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Eric Hinesley ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Layne K. Snelling
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Lateral Bud

In two experiments, uniconazole (0.25 to 16 mg·L-1 a.i.) was applied as a root drench to containerized Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] at various times of the year. Leader length, stem diameter, length of laterals, and number of subterminal buds were reduced the following growing season. Treatment during the 1994 growing season reduced lateral bud formation on the leader in 1995, whereas treatment with 8 or 16 mg·L-1 in Mar. 1995 (prior to budbreak) increased it. Uniconazole caused needle discoloration and abscission at concentrations ≥4 mg·L-1. Leader growth was reduced more than branch elongation, which tended to make plants more decurrent. The utility of uniconazole in production of tabletop Fraser fir Christmas trees was unclear; reduced shoot elongation was often accompanied by fewer lateral buds and needle discoloration and/or abscission. Chemical name used: E-1-(p-Chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazole-1-penten-3-ol) (uniconazole).

THE CONTROL OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN RED CLOVER (TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE L.): I. RECORDING AND ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS IN MORPHOGENESIS

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce G. Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Lateral Bud ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Primary Stem

A key is described that provides a simple method for recording the sequential distribution of all leaves, buds, and inflorescences visible on a primary stem. Numbers are assigned to nodes in a basipetal sequence with each flowering node as number 1.In the "first cycle of growth" of a primary bud the number of nodes on each lateral flowering shoot was found to be positively correlated with, and linearly related to, the number of the node at which each was borne. It was also found that both the number of buds, non-flowering and flowering shoots, [T], and the number of inflorescences, [I], were linearly related to primary node number. Indoleacetic acid (IAA), 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), and maleic hydrazide amine (MH), altered the amount of lateral bud and shoot growth but not the linear relationships.Attainment of "ripeness-to-flower" coincident with production of a systemic non-polar florigenic stimulus could result in the observed conformity to theoretically "expected node numbers for flowering" on all lateral shoots.Treatment with 800 p.p.m. MH caused abortion of inflorescences and hastened onset of the "second cycle of vegetative growth" through cessation of growth and differentiation of "first cycle" floral apices; virus infection has caused similar effects.

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