Long-shoot bud development, shoot growth, and foliage production in provenances of lodgepole pine

Long-shoot bud development, shoot growth, and foliage production were studied in seven provenances of Pinuscontorta Dougl. ssp. latifolia Engelm. from the major sites in British Columbia and one Yukon source growing in a provenance trial at Prince George, B.C. Branch terminal apical mitotic activity began in early March and continued until late September. Initiation of axillary buds began in May, about 2 weeks after the initiation of the subtending cataphyll. Differentiation of dwarf shoots began in early July to mid-August and continued until late October in some sources. Distal axillary buds had not always differentiated by late October in the southern sources. The duration of the period of apical growth and apical size during activity were related to final cataphyll numbers. Provenances with the widest, flattest, dormant apices produced the most cataphylls. The two northern provenances had more terminal sterile cataphylls but fewer sterile cataphylls lower in the long-shoot bud and shorter mean stem unit lengths than the others. Differences among provenances in shoot length were due mostly to variation in stem unit numbers. The large proportion of polycyclic long shoots in some provenances contributed to variation in dwarf shoot numbers.

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Compensatory shoot growth in young black birch and red maple trees

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x93-040 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 302-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Brayton F. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Compensatory Growth ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Red Maple ◽

Single Treatment ◽

Frequency Distributions ◽

Lateral Buds ◽

Long Shoots ◽

Short Shoots ◽

Whole Tree

Black birch (Betulalenta L.) and red maple (Acerrubrum L.) trees 1.5–2 m tall responded by compensatory (increased) shoot growth following a single treatment where shoots on the whole tree were clipped. Total shoot length of clipped trees recovered to control levels after 1 year's growth. The remaining buds on clipped shoots grew more than they would have without clipping. Frequency distributions of shoot lengths shifted toward longer lengths in clipped trees in the 1st year, but were similar to controls 2 years after clipping. The longest shoots were as long, or longer, on clipped shoots as on unclipped shoots. The major compensatory growth mechanism was increased growth of lateral buds. Clipping induced a few preventi-tious buds to form shoots and a few unclipped short shoots to grow as long shoots.

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Apical control of lateral bud development and shoot growth in mulberry (Morus alba)

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1034/j.1399-3054.1990.800304.x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

pp. 350-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Takeo Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Shoot Growth ◽

Morus Alba ◽

Bud Development ◽

Apical Control ◽

Lateral Bud

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Timing and rate of bud formation in Pinus resinosa

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b71-257 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 49 (10) ◽

pp. 1821-1832 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Edward Sucoff

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Data ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Pinus Resinosa ◽

Growing Season ◽

Axillary Buds ◽

Growing Degree Days ◽

Degree Days ◽

Bud Formation ◽

Late Season ◽

Apical Dome

During the 1969 and 1970 growing season buds were collected almost weekly from matched trees in northeastern Minnesota. Cataphyll primordia for the year n + 1 shoot began forming at the time that internodes in the year n shoot started elongating (late April) and continued forming until early September. Primordia for axillary buds started forming about 2 months later and stopped forming at the same time as cataphylls. The size and deposition activity of the apical dome simultaneously increased during the early growing season and decreased during the late season. The maximum rates in July were over nine cataphylls per day.Rate of cataphyll deposition paralleled elongation of the needles on subtending shoots. Forty to fifty percent of the cataphylls had been formed when shoot growth was 95% complete. Although the bulk of the depositions occurred earlier in 1970, when growing degree days were used as the clock, the 2 years were similar.The results provide quantitative data to complement the histologic emphasis of previous studies.

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Factors influencing flower bud formation on the pear tree cultivar 'Doyenne du Comice'. I. Shoot growth and flower bud differentiation on trees sprayed with chlormequat and unsprayed ones

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1983.008 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 36 (1-2) ◽

pp. 83-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Franciszka Jaumień

Keyword(s):

Shoot Growth ◽

Apple Tree ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Bud Formation ◽

Pear Tree ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Long Shoots ◽

Flower Bud Differentiation ◽

Flower Bud Formation

The growth of trees sprayed in spring with chlormequat is weaker, and their elongation growth ends 2 - 3 weeks earlier than that of unsprayed trees. Trees with growth inhibited by chlormequat set flower buds on the spurs and in the subapical part of long shoots. The course of flower bud differentiation starts in the second half of July and is similar to that in the apple tree.

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Inflorescence Bud Initiation, Development, and Bloom in Two Southern Highbush Blueberry Cultivars

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.140.1.38 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 140 (1) ◽

pp. 38-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alisson P. Kovaleski ◽

Jeffrey G. Williamson ◽

James W. Olmstead ◽

Rebecca L. Darnell

Keyword(s):

Interspecific Hybrids ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Late Summer ◽

Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽

Highbush Blueberry ◽

Bud Development ◽

Late Fall ◽

Southern Highbush ◽

Bud Initiation ◽

The Relationship

Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) production is increasing worldwide, particularly in subtropical growing regions, but information on timing and extent of inflorescence bud development during summer and fall and effects on bloom the next season are limited. The objectives of this study were to determine time of inflorescence bud initiation, describe internal inflorescence bud development, and determine the relationship between internal inflorescence bud development and bloom period the next spring in two southern highbush blueberry [SHB (Vaccinium corymbosum interspecific hybrids)] cultivars. ‘Emerald’ and ‘Jewel’ SHB buds were collected beginning in late summer until shoot growth cessation in late fall for dissection and identification of organ development. Inflorescence bud frequency and number, vegetative and inflorescence bud length and width throughout development, and bloom were also assessed. Inflorescence bud initiation occurred earlier in ‘Emerald’ compared with ‘Jewel’. Five stages of internal inflorescence bud development were defined throughout fall in both cultivars, ranging from a vegetative meristem to early expansion of the inflorescence bud in late fall. ‘Emerald’ inflorescence buds were larger and bloomed earlier, reflecting the earlier inflorescence bud initiation and development. Although inflorescence bud initiation occurred earlier in ‘Emerald’ compared with ‘Jewel’, the pattern of development was not different. Timing of inflorescence bud initiation influenced timing of bloom with earlier initiation resulting in earlier bloom.

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Maleic hydrazide elicits global transcriptomic changes in chemically topped tobacco to influence shoot bud development

Planta ◽

10.1007/s00425-020-03460-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 252 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Sanjay K. Singh ◽

Mitchell D. Richmond ◽

Robert C. Pearce ◽

William A. Bailey ◽

Xin Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Maleic Hydrazide ◽

Bud Development ◽

Shoot Bud ◽

Transcriptomic Changes

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Optimization of a protocol for the micropropagation of pineapple

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/s0100-29452002000200005 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 296-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

WELITON ANTONIO BASTOS DE ALMEIDA ◽

GESSIONEI SILVA SANTANA ◽

ADRIANA PINHEIRO MARTINELI RODRIGUEZ ◽

MARIA ANGÉLICA PEREIRA DE CARVALHO COSTA

Keyword(s):

Liquid Medium ◽

Shoot Proliferation ◽

Axillary Buds ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Sterile Water ◽

Calcium Hypochlorite ◽

Shoot Bud ◽

Explant Source ◽

Growth Room

The present work aimed at maximizing the number of plantlets obtained by the micropropagation of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill) cv. Pérola. Changes in benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentration, type of medium (liquid or solidified) and the type of explant in the proliferation phase were evaluated. Slips were used as the explant source, which consisted of axillary buds obtained after careful excision of the leaves. A Sterilization was done in the hood with ethanol (70%), for three minutes, followed by calcium hypochlorite (2%), for fifteen minutes, and three washes in sterile water. The explants were introduced in MS medium supplemented with 2mg L-1 BAP and maintained in a growth room at a 16h photoperiod (40 mmol.m-2.s-1), 27 ± 2ºC. After eight weeks, cultures were subcultured for multiplication in MS medium. The following treatments were tested: liquid x solidified medium with different BAP concentrations (0.0, 1.5 or 3.0 mg L-1), and the longitudinal cut, or not, of the shoot bud used as explant. The results showed that liquid medium supplemented with BAP at 1.5 mg L-1, associated with the longitudinal sectioning of the shoot bud used as explant presented the best results, maximizing shoot proliferation. On average, the best treatment would allow for an estimated production of 161,080 plantlets by the micropropagation of the axillary buds of one plant with eight slips and ten buds/slips, within a period of eight months.

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Lateral bud development and shoot growth in low-pruned Morus alba as affected by stem orientation

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1111/j.1399-3054.1989.tb05468.x ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 493-499 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Takeo Suzuki ◽

Minoru Kitano

Keyword(s):

Shoot Growth ◽

Morus Alba ◽

Bud Development ◽

Lateral Bud

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Interaction between gibberellin A4/7 and root-pruning on the reproductive and vegetative processes in Douglas-fir. III. Effects on anatomy of shoot elongation and terminal bud development

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x85-057 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 354-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

J. N. Owens ◽

J. E. Webber ◽

S. D. Ross ◽

R. P. Pharis

Keyword(s):

Shoot Elongation ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Apical Growth ◽

Root Pruning ◽

Bud Development ◽

Leaf Initiation ◽

Terminal Bud ◽

Terminal Buds ◽

Effective Cone ◽

Vegetative Bud

The relative importance of cell division and cell elongation to shoot elongation and the anatomical changes in vegetative terminal apices were assessed for 9- and 10-year-old seedlings of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in response to two effective cone-induction treatments, gibberellin A4/7 (GA4/7) and root-pruning (RP). Root-pruning was done in mid-April at the start of vegetative bud swelling and GA treatments were begun at vegetative bud flushing in mid-May and continued until early July. Shoot elongation before flushing resulted primarily from cell divisions and was not affected by the RP treatment. Shoot elongation after flushing resulted primarily from cell expansion which was reduced by RP treatments. Root-pruning significantly slowed mitotic activity, apical growth, and development of vegetative terminal buds from mid-June through mid-July. Apical growth then resumed during leaf initiation and the final number of leaf primordia initiated was not affected. This resulted in a delay of 2 to 4 weeks in the transition from bud-scale to leaf initiation. Retarded terminal vegetative apices anatomically resembled latent axillary apices but were never completely inhibited. GA + RP had the same effect as RP. GA4/7 alone had no effect on shoot or apical development. These results show that RP and GA + RP significantly retard shoot elongation and terminal bud development but still allow normal development of vegetative terminal buds. Retardation of bud development by a few weeks shifts the critical morphogenetic phase of transition from bud scale to leaf initiation to a later time when endogenous and environmental conditions may differ from the normal.

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