Measurements of microvascular perfusion in healthy anesthetized dogs using orthogonal polarization spectral imaging

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah C. Silverstein ◽  
Antonio Pruett-Saratan II ◽  
Kenneth J. Drobatz
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Imaging ◽  
Microvascular Perfusion ◽  
Orthogonal Polarization ◽  
Orthogonal Polarization Spectral ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs

scholarly journals Monitoring of the Sublingual Microcirculation in Cardiac Surgery Using Orthogonal Polarization Spectral Imaging

2007 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Bauer ◽  
Sieglinde Kofler ◽  
Manfred Thiel ◽  
Sandra Eifert ◽  
Frank Christ
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Spectral Imaging ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Functional Capillary Density ◽  
Microvascular Perfusion ◽  
Orthogonal Polarization ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Orthogonal Polarization Spectral ◽  
Rolling Leukocytes

Background The recent introduction of orthogonal polarization spectral imaging enables the direct visualization of the microcirculation of man without imaging enhancing dyes. The authors studied the changes in microvascular perfusion of sublingual mucosa during cardiac surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) using this optical method. Method Orthogonal polarization spectral images were recorded in 47 patients after skin incision (T1), after the start of CPB (T2), in the late phase of CPB (T3), and 1 h after the discontinuation of CPB (T4). The images were analyzed for microvascular diameter, erythrocyte velocity, and functional capillary density using an established analysis routine for intravital microscopy studies. In a subpopulation (n = 8), the expression of the adhesion molecules CD18 on circulation leukocytes was compared with the number of visualized rolling leukocytes. Results Preoperatively, no significant changes of the microvascular diameter and erythrocyte velocity were seen. The functional capillary density was significantly reduced at T3 to 90% of the values observed before CPB but recovered at T4 and showed a weak but significant correlation with body temperature (r = 0.38, P < 0.01) and hemoglobin concentration (r = 0.20, P < 0.05). Expression of CD18 was significantly increased in the late phase of CPB (T3) only, whereas the numbers of rolling leukocytes increased during CPB and revealed a significant threefold increase 1 h after termination of CPB. Conclusions Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging revealed no major changes of microvascular perfusion during uncomplicated hypothermic CPB. The slightly reduced functional capillary density during CPB may be caused by several factors all present during CPB, including hypothermia, the artificial extracorporeal perfusion, surgical trauma, hemodilution, and inflammatory reaction. The current data do not allow differentiation between the effects of those possible causes.

Intraoperative Detection of Early Microvasospasm in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Using Orthogonal Polarization Spectral Imaging

Neurosurgery ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1307-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eberhard Uhl ◽  
Jens Lehmberg ◽  
Hans-Jakob Steiger ◽  
Konrad Messmer
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Spectral Imaging ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Orthogonal Polarization ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Cell Velocity ◽  
Orthogonal Polarization Spectral ◽  
Red Blood Cell Velocity

Abstract OBJECTIVE Changes of major cerebral vessels in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are well known from routine cerebral angiography. Data on changes in the microcirculation do not exist. This study sought to provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cortical microcirculation after SAH. METHODS By means of orthogonal polarization spectral imaging, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of cortical microcirculation was performed during aneurysm surgery in 3 patients with an incidental intracerebral aneurysm and 10 patients with SAH. Vessel diameters, red blood cell velocity, and functional capillary density were analyzed before and after the aneurysm was clipped. RESULTS Initial capillary density in patients with an incidental aneurysm was 91.5 ± 36.5 cm−1 (mean ± standard deviation) compared with 30.5 ± 13.8 in patients with SAH (P < 0.05). In patients with SAH, capillary density increased significantly to 53.9 ± 29.1 cm−1 (P < 0.05) during the operation, as did the frequency of venules with a red blood cell velocity greater than 2 mm/s (P < 0.05). No significant change of arteriolar or venular diameters was observed. However, in patients with SAH, mono- and multisegmental microvasospasms in arterioles were observed, with a reduction of vessel diameters up to 75.1%. CONCLUSION Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging is a suitable method to study cerebral microcirculation during surgery. In patients with SAH, capillary density is significantly decreased and small arteries and arterioles of the cortical surface exhibit vasospasm that cannot be detected by angiography or transcranial Doppler sonography. These changes may contribute to the initial clinical symptoms and may have an influence on the clinical postoperative course.

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