Evaluation of the physical properties of water treatment residue for use as a soil substitute compared with decomposed granite soil

Tunnelling in a water bearing soil often produces a long-term interaction between the tunnel lining and the surrounding soil. With respect to lining design, infiltration and external pore-water pressures are often one of the most important factors to be considered. Development of pore-water pressure may accelerate leakage and cause deterioration of the lining. This can be particularly troublesome to structural and functional components of the tunnel and can often lead to structural failure. However, as a result of the complicated hydraulic boundary conditions and the long times often required for pore pressure equilibration, research on this subject is scarce. Consequently, most design approaches deal with the effects of pore-water pressure on the tunnel lining in a qualitative manner. In this paper, the development of pore-water pressure and its potential effects on the tunnel lining are investigated using the finite element method. In particular, the deterioration of a drainage system caused by clogging is considered. It is shown that the development of pore-water pressure on the lining is dependent on the lining permeability and the deterioration of the drainage system, particularly for a tunnel with both a primary and a secondary lining. The magnitude of pore-water pressure on a new Austrian tunnelling method (NATM) tunnel constructed in decomposed granite soil and the effect of tunnel shape are investigated. Design curves for estimating pore-water pressure loads on a secondary lining are proposed.Key words: numerical analysis, tunnel lining, decomposed granite.

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Effects of Soil Conditioners Mixed with MASA (Decomposed Granite Soil) on The Growth of Hedera helix ‘Pittsburgh’

Journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architects ◽

10.5632/jila1934.48.5_109 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

pp. 109-114

Author(s):

Takuro MASUDA ◽

Haruhiko HIROHATA ◽

Shigeyuki YOSHIDA

Keyword(s):

Hedera Helix ◽

Soil Conditioners ◽

Decomposed Granite ◽

Granite Soil

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Amorphous Materials in Decomposed Granite Soil and Their Properties

SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS ◽

10.3208/sandf1972.24.2_180 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 180-190

Author(s):

Kazuhiko Nishida ◽

Seiichi Sasaki ◽

Yorimichi Kuboi

Keyword(s):

Amorphous Materials ◽

Decomposed Granite ◽

Granite Soil

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Closure to “Influence of Gravel on the Compression Characteristics of Decomposed Granite Soil” by Tae-Gew Ham, Yukio Nakata, Rolando P. Orense, and Masayuki Hyodo

Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering ◽

10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0000637 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 138 (5) ◽

pp. 638-639

Author(s):

Tae-Gew Ham ◽

Yukio Nakata ◽

Rolando P. Orense ◽

Masayuki Hyodo

Keyword(s):

Decomposed Granite ◽

Granite Soil ◽

Compression Characteristics

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The intrinsic behaviour of a decomposed granite soil

Géotechnique ◽

10.1680/geot.1995.45.1.117 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 117-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

I. K. Lee ◽

M. R. Coop

Keyword(s):

Decomposed Granite ◽

Granite Soil

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Characteristics of selected therapeutic methods used in the aquatic environment

Health Promotion & Physical Activity ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0010.7717 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 169-182

Author(s):

Katarzyna Wódka ◽

Marta Bibro ◽

Małgorzata Łaczek-Wójtowicz

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Hydrostatic Pressure ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Treatment Methods ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Ring Method ◽

Comprehensive Rehabilitation ◽

Water Therapy

The aquatic environment, thanks to its unique physical properties, has wide application in comprehensive rehabilitation for patients with a variety of disabilities. Exercise in the aquatic environment use the specific properties of water, such as the ability to maintain the surface of the water, buoyancy, viscosity of water, the hydrostatic pressure of the water, and others. The main feature of the therapist working in water is posture allows the patient gain confidence and giving it an aura of relaxation and security. Water treatment methods include: method of Ai Chi, Halliwick, Bad Ragaz Ring Method, Watsu. The main objective of this paper is to present the special methods used in the aquatic environment. Water, due to its characteristics is applicable both in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of many diseases. The benefits of exercise in this specific environment, make the availability of certified therapists, as well as various types of „water therapy” cause that they enjoy increasing popularity.

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