DISCUSSION PAPER: GROWTH, FORM, AND FUNCTION IN MAMMALS

1974 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Iberall
Author(s):  
Karen J. Esler ◽  
Anna L. Jacobsen ◽  
R. Brandon Pratt

The archetypal shrub type that dominates most of the regions that experience mediterranean-type climate (MTC) is an evergreen shrub with thick and leathery leaves (sclerophyllous). The occurrence of large stands of such shrubs in all MTC regions led early biogeographers to hypothesize that the MTC selects for this growth form and leaf type and that this had led to convergent evolution (see Chapters 1 and 2). This hypothesis has received considerable research interest and continues to be examined. In this chapter we consider the structure and physiology of these archetypal MTC region shrub species and examine evidence for convergent evolution in their structure and function. We also assess the key adaptive traits that enable the shrub species that compose mediterranean-type vegetation (MTV) communities to thrive in MTC regions.


1990 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
H. G. Jones ◽  
G. Russel ◽  
B. Marshall ◽  
P. G. Jarvis

1973 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Iberall

The development of a system’s biology, as a common construct for both physiologist and engineer, requires both a theory of structures (form) and a theory of dynamics (function). A dynamic organizing principle—“homeokinesis”—for the living system was proposed earlier. Based on thermodynamic reasoning, homeokinesis attempts to capture the physical essence of homeostasis. Now, a primitive foundation is proposed from which a large family of design characteristics might emerge, by self-organization, in complex biological organisms. This foundation is directed at the emergence of major form parameters of the entire class of mammalia, from 3 gm adult shrews to 100,000 kg whales.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. eaax5145
Author(s):  
Eugene L. Starostin ◽  
Robyn A. Grant ◽  
Gary Dougill ◽  
Gert H. M. van der Heijden ◽  
Victor G. A. Goss

This paper reports on an analytical study of the intrinsic shapes of 523 whiskers from 15 rats. We show that the variety of whiskers on a rat’s cheek, each of which has different lengths and shapes, can be described by a simple mathematical equation such that each whisker is represented as an interval on the Euler spiral. When all the representative curves of mystacial vibrissae for a single rat are assembled together, they span an interval extending from one coiled domain of the Euler spiral to the other. We additionally find that each whisker makes nearly the same angle of 47∘ with the normal to the spherical virtual surface formed by the tips of whiskers, which constitutes the rat’s tactile sensory shroud or “search space.” The implications of the linear curvature model for gaining insight into relationships between growth, form, and function are discussed.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document