Influence of itopride and domperidone on gastric tone and on the perception of gastric distention in healthy subjects

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) injected peripherally or released in response to stressful challenges to the organism reduces gastric tone and contractility, in part by vagal pathways. However, information on the changes in gastric vagal impulse activity evoked by peripheral CRF administration is entirely lacking. Using a novel “dual recording” method in urethane-anesthetized rats, vagal efferent (VE) and afferent (VA) impulse activities were recorded simultaneously from separate, fine bundles dissected from the ventral gastric vagus nerve branch innervating the glandular stomach. Activity records for 38 VA single units (SUs) and 33 VE SUs were sorted from multiunit records obtained from 13 preparations. Intravenous (iv) administration of saline had no effect on multiunit VE activity, whereas CRF (1 μg/kg, iv) immediately inhibited VE activity, reaching a nadir of 54 ± 8.0% of preinjection levels at 3.0 min postinjection. CRF (1 μg/kg, iv) inhibited 25/33 (75.8%) VE SUs and excited three of 33 (9.1%) VE SUs. In contrast to potent effects on VE activity, iv CRF did not alter multiunit VA activity. Single-unit analysis, however, revealed five of 38 (13.1%) VA SUs excited by iv CRF at widely varying latencies (suggesting an indirect mode of action) and one inhibited VA SU. VA SUs excited after iv CRF did not respond during gastric distention and vice versa. These experiments are the first to use simultaneous recording of gastric VA and VE units. The data demonstrate a predominantly inhibitory influence of iv CRF on VE outflow to the hindstomach, not driven by gastric vagovagal reflex activity.

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The botanical integrity of wheat products influences the gastric distention and satiety in healthy subjects

Nutrition Journal ◽

10.1186/1475-2891-7-12 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Joanna Hlebowicz ◽

Sandra Lindstedt ◽

Ola Björgell ◽

Peter Höglund ◽

Lars-Olof Almér ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Gastric Distention ◽

Wheat Products

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Influence of duodenal acidification on the sensorimotor function of the proximal stomach in humans

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00086.2003 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 286 (2) ◽

pp. G278-G284 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Kwang-Jae Lee ◽

Rita Vos ◽

Jozef Janssens ◽

Jan Tack

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Gastric Fundus ◽

Acid Exposure ◽

Gastric Distension ◽

Gastric Accommodation ◽

Double Blind ◽

Gastric Tone ◽

Acid Infusion ◽

Duodenal Acidification ◽

Double Blind Design

Decreased acid clearance and increased exposure to acid of the duodenum have been reported in a subset of functional dyspepsia patients. However, the mechanism by which increased duodenal acid exposure may affect symptoms is unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of duodenal acidification on proximal gastric tone and mechanosensitivity in humans. An infusion tube with a pH electrode attached was positioned in the second part of the duodenum, and a barostat bag was located in the gastric fundus. In 12 healthy subjects, fundic tone and sensitivity to distensions were assessed before and during duodenal infusion of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid or saline in a randomized, double-blind design. In 10 healthy subjects, meal-induced accommodation was measured during duodenal infusion of acid or saline. Acid infusion in the duodenum significantly increased fundic compliance and decreased fasting fundic tone. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in the pressures and the corresponding wall tensions at the thresholds for discomfort. During infusion of acid, significantly higher perception and symptom scores were obtained for the same distending pressures. The meal-induced fundic relaxation was significantly smaller during acid infusion compared with saline infusion. In conclusion, duodenal acidification induces proximal gastric relaxation, increases sensitivity to gastric distension, and inhibits gastric accommodation to a meal. Through these mechanisms, increased duodenal acid exposure may be involved in the pathogenesis of dyspeptic symptoms.

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Gastrogastric reflexes regulating gastric tone and their relationship to perception

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1997.273.2.g464 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 273 (2) ◽

pp. G464-G469 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N. Villanova ◽

F. Azpiroz ◽

J. R. Malagelada

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Volume Changes ◽

Gastric Tone ◽

Discomfort Threshold

Our aim was to investigate in humans the gastrogastric reflexes that regulate gastric tone and their relationship to perception. In nine healthy subjects, liquid distension (in 100-ml steps), warm stimuli (in 3 degrees C increments), and cold stimuli (in 6 degrees C decrements) were randomly applied in the stomach for 3 min at 8-min intervals. Gastric tone was measured as isobaric volume changes of air by a barostat, and perception was scored by a graded (0-6) questionnaire. Liquid accommodation produced an additional expansion of isobaric air maintained by the barostat (51 +/- 13 ml with 100 ml of liquid filling, P < 0.05), but this effect became inconsistent with further filling. An accommodation-like reflex was best evidenced by warm stimulation below the discomfort threshold (58 +/- 13 ml relaxation at 47 +/- 1 degrees C, P < 0.05). By contrast, cooling below discomfort induced a reflex contraction (-62 +/- 22 ml change at 18 +/- 2 degrees C, P < 0.05). In conclusion, gastric tone, i.e., accommodation and contraction, is modulated by a net of reflexes that arise from the proper wall of the stomach below the discomfort threshold.

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Influence of tegaserod on proximal gastric tone and on the perception of gastric distention in functional dyspepsia

Neurogastroenterology & Motility ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01613.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. e32-e39 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J. Tack ◽

P. Janssen ◽

R. Bisschops ◽

R. Vos ◽

T. Phillips ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Dyspepsia ◽

Gastric Tone ◽

Gastric Distention

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Effects of lipid adminstration in the duodenum and jejunum on visceral sensitivity and gastric tone in healthy subjects

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(00)80471-0 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 118 (4) ◽

pp. A1162-A1163

Author(s):

Einar S. Björnsson ◽

Malte Norström ◽

Magnus Simrön ◽

Hasse Abrahamsson

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Visceral Sensitivity ◽

Gastric Tone

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Reflex Responses in Upper Limb Muscles to Cutaneous Stimuli

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/s0317167100048174 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 20 (04) ◽

pp. 271-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

R. Chen

Keyword(s):

Stimulus Intensity ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Voluntary Contraction ◽

Cutaneous Reflexes ◽

Focal Lesions ◽

Normal Ranges ◽

Conduction Velocities ◽

Limb Muscles ◽

Biphasic Responses

ABSTRACT:Cutaneous reflexes in the upper limb were elicited by stimulating digital nerves and recorded by averaging rectified EMG from proximal and distal upper limb muscles during voluntary contraction. Distal muscles often showed a triphasic response: an inhibition with onset about 50 ms (Il) followed by a facilitation with onset about 60 ms (E2) followed by another inhibition with onset about 80 ms (12). Proximal muscles generally showed biphasic responses beginning with facilitation or inhibition with onset at about 40 ms. Normal ranges for the amplitude of these components were established from recordings on 22 arms of 11 healthy subjects. An attempt was made to determine the alterent fibers responsible for the various components by varying the stimulus intensity, by causing ischemic block of larger fibers and by estimating the afferent conduction velocities. The central pathways mediating these reflexes were examined by estimating central delays and by studying patients with focal lesions

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