scholarly journals How the contrast gain control modifies the frequency responses of cat retinal ganglion cells.

1981 ◽  
Vol 318 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Shapley ◽  
J D Victor
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Contrast Gain ◽  
Contrast Gain Control ◽  
Frequency Responses

Contrast gain control in the primate retina: P cells are not X-like, some M cells are

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan A. Benardete ◽  
Ehud Kaplan ◽  
Bruce W. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
M Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Contrast Gain ◽  
Contrast Gain Control ◽  
P Cells

AbstractPrimate retinal ganglion cells that project to the magnocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (M) are much more sensitive to luminance contrast than those ganglion cells projecting to the parvocellular layers (P). We now report that increasing contrast modifies the temporal-frequency response of M cells, but not of P cells. With rising contrast, the M cells' responses to sinusoidal stimuli show an increasing attenuation at low temporal frequencies while the P cells' responses scale uniformly. The characteristic features of M-cell dynamics are well described by a model originally developed for the X and Y cells of the cat, where the hypothesized nonlinear feedback mechanism responsible for this behavior has been termed the contrast gain control (Shapley & Victor, 1978, 1981; Victor, 1987, 1988). These data provide further physiological evidence that the M-cell pathway differs from the P-cell pathway with regard to the functional elements in the retina. Furthermore, the similarity in dynamics between primate M cells and cat X and Y retinal ganglion cells suggests the possibility that P cells, being different from either group, are a primate specialization not found in the retinae of lower mammals.

The dynamics of primate M retinal ganglion cells

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
ETHAN A. BENARDETE ◽  
EHUD KAPLAN
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Linear Filter ◽  
M Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Contrast Gain ◽  
Contrast Gain Control

The retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of the primate form at least two classes—M and P—that differ fundamentally in their functional properties. M cells have temporal-frequency response characteristics distinct from P cells (Benardete et al., 1992; Lee et al., 1994). In this paper, we elaborate on the temporal-frequency responses of M cells and focus in detail on the contrast gain control (Shapley & Victor, 1979a,b). Earlier data showed that the temporal-frequency response of M cells is altered by the level of stimulus contrast (Benardete et al., 1992). Higher contrast shifts the peak of the frequency-response curve to higher temporal frequency and produces a phase advance. In this paper, by fitting the data to a linear filter model, the effect of contrast on the temporal-frequency response is subsumed into a change in a single parameter in the model. Furthermore, the model fits are used to predict the response of M cells to steps of contrast, and these predictions demonstrate the dynamic effect of contrast on the M cells' response. We also present new data concerning the spatial organization of the contrast gain control in the primate and show that the signal that controls the contrast gain must come from a broadly distributed network of small subunits in the surround of the M-cell receptive field.

scholarly journals Systematic misestimation in a vernier task arising from contrast mismatch

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAO SUN ◽  
BARRY B. LEE ◽  
RIGMOR C. BARAAS
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Phase Advance ◽  
Target Pair ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Contrast Gain ◽  
Contrast Gain Control ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
High Contrast Grating

Luminance signals mediated by the magnocellular (MC) pathway play an important role in vernier tasks. MC ganglion cells show a phase advance in their responses to sinusoidal stimuli with increasing contrast due to contrast gain control mechanisms. If the phase information in MC ganglion cell responses were utilized by central mechanisms in vernier tasks, one might expect systematic errors caused by the phase advance. This systematic error may contribute to the contrast paradox phenomenon, where vernier performance deteriorates, rather than improves, when only one of the target pair increases in contrast. Vernier psychometric functions for a pair of gratings of mismatched contrast were measured to seek such misestimation. In associated electrophysiological experiments, MC and parvocellular (PC) ganglion cells' responses to similar stimuli were measured to provide a physiological reference. The psychophysical experiments show that a high-contrast grating is perceived as phase advanced in the drift direction compared to a low-contrast grating, especially at a high drift rate (8 Hz). The size of the phase advance was comparable to that seen in MC cells under similar stimulus conditions. These results are consistent with the MC pathway supporting vernier performance with achromatic gratings. The shifts in vernier psychometric functions were negligible for pairs of chromatic gratings under the conditions tested here, consistent with the lack of phase advance both in responses of PC ganglion cells and in frequency-doubled chromatic responses of MC ganglion cells.

Complex Spike-Event Pattern of Transient on-off Retinal Ganglion Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 2845-2856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Greschner ◽  
Andreas Thiel ◽  
Jutta Kretzberg ◽  
Josef Ammermüller
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Cell Subpopulation ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Filter Model ◽  
Spike Event

on-off transient ganglion cells of the turtle retina show distinct spike-event patterns in response to abrupt intensity changes, such as during saccadic eye movements. These patterns consist of two main spike events, with the latency of each event showing a systematic dependency on stimulus contrast. Whereas the latency of the first event decreases monotonically with increasing contrast, as expected, the second event shows the shortest latency for intermediate contrasts and a longer latency for high and low contrasts. These spike-event patterns improve the discrimination of different light-intensity transitions based on ensemble responses of the on-off transient ganglion cell subpopulation. Although the discrimination results are far better than chance using either spike counts or latencies of the first spikes, they are further improved by using properties of the second spike event. The best classification results are obtained when spike rates and latencies of both events are considered in combination. Thus spike counts and temporal structure of retinal ganglion cells carry complementary information about the stimulus condition, and thus spike-event patterns could be an important aspect of retinal coding. To investigate the origin of the spike-event patterns in retinal ganglion cells, two computational models of retinal processing are compared. A linear–nonlinear model consisting of separate filters for on and off response components fails to reproduce the spike-event patterns. A more complex cascade filter model, however, accurately predicts the timing of the spike events by using a combination of gain control loop and spike rate adaptation.

scholarly journals Distinct expressions of contrast gain control in parallel synaptic pathways converging on a retinal ganglion cell

2008 ◽  
Vol 586 (22) ◽  
pp. 5487-5502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Langrill Beaudoin ◽  
Michael B. Manookin ◽  
Jonathan B. Demb
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cell ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Contrast Gain ◽  
Contrast Gain Control

Gain control mechanisms in X- and Y-type retinal ganglion cells of the cat

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hide-Aki Saito ◽  
Yoshiro Fukada
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Retinal Ganglion
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document