Experimental Determination of Some Kernel Functions in the Multiple Integral Method for Nonlinear Creep of Polyvinyl Chloride

Kernel functions for mixed-time parameters in the multiple integral representation of the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of polyvinyl chloride were determined from both two-step tension and two-step torsion creep experiments. First and second-order terms were used for tension and first and third-order terms were used for torsion to describe these kernel functions. Stepdown tests were needed for good accuracy of representation. Accuracy of prediction was good for stepdown but not stepup tests. The product form assumption for these kernel functions and the modified superposition method were also investigated. The latter gave the best overall predictability of the three methods, although the product form was nearly as satisfactory.