Neutral Electrode Contact Quality Monitoring: Quantifying Latent Risks, Improving Testability

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Friedrichs ◽  
Paul Kuehl ◽  
Lori Lucke
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
High Current ◽  
Surgical Instrument ◽  
Surgical Tool ◽  
Monopolar Electrosurgery ◽  
Electrode Contact ◽  
Stimulation Of

In high-frequency (“HF”) monopolar electrosurgery (or radio-frequency ablation), high current density causes heating of tissue adjacent to a surgical instrument. HF current passes through tissue at a frequency sufficiently high to avoid stimulation of muscle, but intentionally causes I2R heating of tissue for the purposes of ablation, dissection, and coagulation. In addition to the surgical tool, a Neutral Electrode (“NE”, often called a “ground pad”, “return electrode”, or simply “pad”) contacts the patient to complete the electrical circuit, as shown in Fig. 1.

6.1: High current density - long life cathodes for high frequency applications

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lawrence Ives ◽  
Louis R. Falce ◽  
George Collins ◽  
David Marsden ◽  
George Miram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
High Current ◽  
Long Life

scholarly journals NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE NOCICEPTIVE TRIGEMINAL PATHWAY DURING DIFFERENT PHASES OF EPISODIC MIGRAINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
O. Nikiforova ◽  
M. Delva
Keyword(s):  
High Current Density ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Blink Reflex ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
High Current ◽  
Prodromal Phase ◽  
Stimulation Of

Migraine is one of the most common primary headaches, caused by functional abnormalities of information processing, which can be investigated by neurophysiological means during the various phases of the migraine cycle. The aim of the work was to study neurophysiological changes by means of nociception-specific blink reflex characteristics of trigeminocervical complex and to compare neuro-physiological data with clinical manifestations during various phases of episodic migraine. Methods. A 24-year old female patient with episodic migraine without aura underwent daily nociceptive stimulation of the trigeminal nerve for 30 days. Clinical data were collected directly from the patient using structured questionnaires. Neurophysiological changes were assessed using electromyography study of trigeminocervical blink reflex that was caused by stimulation of the supraorbital nerve with high current density electrode. Results. Within one month, the patient had two migraine attacks, preceded by the prodromal phase, and at the end of both migraine attacks, postdrome symptoms were present. We observed cyclical changes in the characteristics of component R2 of the nociception-specific blink reflex that coincided with clinical manifestations in different phases of the migraine cycle. Conclusions. 1. Electrophysiological excitability of trigeminocervical complex nociceptors differs significantly during different phases of the migraine cycle. 2. The habituation of component R2 is observed in the period between attacks can be considered as a specific phenomenon that probably is the background for migraine attack occurrence. 3. The highest excitability and facilitation of the trigeminocervical complex (increased amplitude and decreased latency of component R2) were observed during ictal phase that is additional evidence of the key role of the brainstem in migraine pathophysiology.

An all C60 vertical transistor for high frequency and high current density applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 101 (21) ◽  
pp. 213303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Fischer ◽  
Reinhard Scholz ◽  
Karl Leo ◽  
Björn Lüssem
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
High Current ◽  
Vertical Transistor

High current density — Long life cathodes for high frequency applications

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lawrence Ives ◽  
Louis R. Falce ◽  
George Collins ◽  
David Marsden ◽  
George Miram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
High Current ◽  
Long Life

Implementation of high current density cathodes in high frequency RF sources

IVESC 2012 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Ives ◽  
Lou Falce ◽  
Michael Read ◽  
George Collins ◽  
Zhigang Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
High Current

High current density, reservoir cathodes for high frequency applications

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lawrence Ives ◽  
Louis R. Falce ◽  
George Collins ◽  
David Marsden ◽  
George Miram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
High Current

Design Considerations of High-Current Density Capacitors Micromachined for Si Interposers

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
A. N. Beal ◽  
J. Tatarchuck ◽  
C. B. Stevens ◽  
T. A. Baginski ◽  
M. C. Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Current ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
System Requirements

Many demanding power system requirements usher motivations for high-density, miniaturized capacitors capable of quickly sourcing large quantities of current. Various efforts achieved high capacitive density (∼500 nF/mm2) at D.C., but many applications promote an interest in transient and high-frequency (HF) characteristics. Thin capacitors (100–640 μm) were micromachined using several industry standard Si MEMS processes resulting in large surface area, high-density capacitive storage devices (7.34 nF/mm2). An evaluation of high-speed (1 GHz), energy storage devices and their respective fabrication technologies has been closely compared by considering each capacitor design's transient ring-down characteristics. Although their capacitive density remains ∼10 nF/mm2, large amounts of current (∼100 A/ns) were sourced while retaining desirable characteristics at high frequencies. These devices have been optimized as embedded passives and demonstrate compatibility with Si interposer technology.

Electron space-charge effects on high-frequency performance of AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs under high-current-density operation

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 570-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Morizuka ◽  
R. Katoh ◽  
K. Tsuda ◽  
M. Asaka ◽  
N. Iizuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Space Charge ◽  
Current Density ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
High Current ◽  
Space Charge Effects ◽  
Charge Effects ◽  
High Frequency Performance
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