Feasibility and Safety of Canine Orchiectomy Using Scrotal Approach and a Vessel-Sealing Device: A Prospective Observational Study of 200 Cases

Background: Canine orchiectomy involves making an incision in the prescrotal area, exteriorizing both testes via the same incision, ligating the blood vessels and spermatic cord, removing the testes, and suturing the incision. A briefer durations of anesthesia and surgery and decrease of postoperative morbidity could be obtain using a vessel sealing device. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and safety of orchiectomy in dogs by a scrotal approach with the use of a vessel-sealing device. Scrotal orchiectomy was performed with the use of monopolar electrosurgery device in pure cutting mode and a vessel-sealing device. Data were collected prospectively for the following categorical variables: breed, age, body weight, lifestyle, surgical time, indications for surgery and complications.Results: No complications were reported in 187 of 200 (93.5%). The complications documented were automutilation (AM), incisional complications (IC) and scrotal complications (SC). AM complications (11/200 [5.5%]) and SC complications (2/200 [1%]) were treated without additional surgery and resolved by day 10 after the surgery. Procedure duration (2,1 minutes± 0.4 minutes) was briefer than traditional castration duration reported in literature (3.5 ± 0.4 minutes).Conclusions: Results suggested that canine orchiectomy by scrotal approach with the use of a vessel-sealing device was feasible and safe. Furthermore, it was associated with a low complication rate and had the benefit of reduced surgical time and postoperative morbidity. This technique is promising for widespread application in veterinary surgery to help with haemostasis in canine orchiectomy.

Penilaian Jaringan Parut Paska Insisi Kulit Menggunakan Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scales (POSAS): Perbandingan Hasil Penggunaan Monopolar Electrosurgery dan Pisau Bedah

Scalpel was once considered as the gold standard in surgical incisions. Electrosurgery has been used as a substitute for scalpels but has not been accepted as standard due to burns and injuries. Patient and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS) is a subjective scar assessment of the patient as well as the observer. This study was aimed to compare post-skin-incision scarring of monopolar electrosurgery and scalpel, and evaluate the appropriateness of scar assessments of the observer and the patient by using POSAS. This was a self-controlled trial design. Post-incision scar tissue assessment was carried out simultaneously by the observer and the patient in the third month after the operation was completed. The paired t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test showed that the differences of assessments of either patient or observer or both were not significant (p=0.05). The correlation test between the total POSAS scores of the patient and observer assessments showed a moderate linear relationship (r=0.51; p<0.001). In conclusion, the use of monopolar electrosurgery and scalpel in performing skin incisions resulted in the formation of equally good scar tissues. The POSAS assessments of patient and observer showed a moderate degree of similarity.Keywords: electrocautery, scar tissue, surgery scalpel, patient and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS) Abstrak: Pisau bedah dahulu dianggap sebagai standar emas dalam insisi pembedahan. Electrosurgery telah digunakan sebagai pengganti pisau bedah namun belum diterima sebagai standar karena luka bakar dan cedera. Patient and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS) merupakan instrumen penilaian jaringan parut yang bersifat subyektif baik dari pasien maupun observer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan jaringan parut pasca insisi kulit antara monopolar electrosurgery dan pisau bedah serta mengevaluasi kesesuaian penilaian jaringan parut hasil insisi kulit dari dokter pengamat dan pasien saat keduanya meng-gunakan POSAS. Desain penelitian ialah self-controlled trial. Setiap subjek mendapat dua macam perlakuan secara bersamaan: operasi dengan monopolar electrosurgery dan pisau bedah. Penilaian jaringan parut pasca insisi dilakukan bersamaan oleh observer dan pasien pada bulan ketiga setelah operasi selesai. Hasil paired t test atau Wilcoxon rank sum test terhadap penilaian dalam bentuk skor baik dari pasien atau observer ataupun keduanya terhadap perbedaan jaringan parut oleh penggunaan kedua modalitas tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Uji korelasi antara skor total POSAS dari pasien dan observer menunjukkan adanya hubungan linear sedang (r=0,51; p<0,001). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah penggunaan monopolar electrosurgery mau-pun pisau bedah untuk insisi kulit menghasilkan pembentukan jaringan parut yang sama baik. Penggunaan POSAS dalam penilaian jaringan parut memperlihatkan tingkat kesamaan sedang antara pasien dan observer.Kata kunci: electrocautery, jaringan parut, pisah bedah, patient and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS)

Utilization of Power Setting in Monopolar Electrosurgery Unit With Additional Blend Modes

Electrosurgery unit has the purpose of damaging certain body tissues by heating the tissue. In this study there are several modes and also power selection. The contribution of this research is to design the power management and also the addition of several modes for the surgical process. Electrosurgery Unit involves the use of IC CMOS 4069 as a frequency generator. The frequency output is set at 250 KHz and then passed on to the pulse regulator circuit and controlled by using Arduino and then forwarded to the inverter circuit which functions to increase the voltage and output in the form of power. Modules are calibrated using ESU Analyzer. This module is equipped with a selection of LOW, MEDIUM, and HIGH power. And also there are some additional modes including Blend 1 and Blend 2. After the measurement is carried out, the voltage values ​​obtained at the setting of low, medium high, on the inverter input with a value on Blend 1 mode low 80 V with an error of 0.84%, Medium 90 V with error 0.84%, High 104 V with an error of 0.81%, in Blend 2 mode low 84 V with an error of 0.83%, Medium 86 V with a error of 0.85%, High 105 V with an error of 0.81%, the Cutting mode is low 162 V with an error of 2.88%, medium 172 V with an error of 3.03%, High 192 V with an error of 2.86%. The measurement shows an error of less than 1% for Blend 1 and Blend 2 modes while cutting is less than 3%. The results of this study can be implemented in order to minimize errors due to lack of power settings and mode selection during surgery.