Design of a Sports Knee Prosthesis

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.1115/imece1999-0494 ◽

1999 ◽

Author(s):

Denis J. DiAngelo ◽

Charles E. Evans

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Knee Flexion ◽

Knee Prosthesis ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Impact Loads ◽

Computation Model ◽

Prosthetic Knee ◽

Locking Mechanism ◽

Gait Study ◽

Intact Limb

Abstract Typical walking prostheses maintain stability during stance with a knee locking mechanism; i.e., a frictional device (mechanical brake) or free rotating knee joint (single pinned or multi-link system) held in a hyper-extended orientation (de Vries, 1995). Attempts to jog with a walking prosthesis are difficult and unsafe. A previous gait study of a “pogo-stick” A/K jogging prosthesis found that the device provided alternating periods of support and non-support between the amputated and non-amputated sides, but required greater energy expenditure from the intact limb and induced larger impact loads (DiAngelo et al., 1989). A computer modeling technique was used to design a multi-link above-knee (A/K) prosthesis that provided continuous, controlled knee flexion during weight bearing and free knee rotation during swing. Aspects of the design were improved energy expenditure, symmetrical gait, and reduced impact loading. Biomechanical data for the computation model was obtained from a gait study of an A/K amputee jogger. The objective of the study was to develop prosthetic knee that provided continuous knee flexion throughout weight bearing and free rotation during swing.

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Analysis of locomotor adaptations in young children with limb loss in an early prosthetic knee prescription protocol

Prosthetics and Orthotics International ◽

10.1177/0309364613487546 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 54-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mark Geil ◽

Colleen Coulter

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Knee Flexion ◽

Knee Prosthesis ◽

Swing Phase ◽

Clinical Protocols ◽

Full Extension ◽

Walking Gait ◽

Prosthetic Knee ◽

Before And After ◽

Locomotor Adaptations

Background: Traditionally, clinical protocols for the treatment of young children who require a knee prosthesis have favored stability, with the prosthetic knee locked into full extension until after the child has learned to walk. Recently, an Early Knee protocol has been investigated, in which children receive an articulating knee in their first prosthesis and use it while learning to crawl and walk. Objectives: This study investigated the presence of swing phase clearance adaptations in the walking gait of seven young children aged 18–92 months, who had been fitted according to the Early Knee protocol. Study design: Before-and-after experimental design. Methods: Each subject completed walking trials with the knee freely flexing and trials with the knee locked into full extension to mimic a traditional knee protocol. Results: Subjects utilized the articulating knee in walking, with an average of 70.4° of peak swing phase knee flexion. Some clearance adaptations were present with the flexing knee; more were present and their magnitude was increased when the knee was locked. In particular, there was a statistically significant increase in circumduction. Conclusions: These results suggest that the Early Knee protocol can reduce the adoption of clearance adaptations while walking is developing. Clinical relevance Treatment of young children who require a knee prosthesis is inconsistent. Traditionally, no knee is provided until independent walking is achieved. A newer Early Knee protocol provides an articulating knee in the first prosthesis. This study found that children use the articulating knee in walking and develop fewer clearance adaptations.

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Females Recruit Quadriceps Faster Than Males at Multiple Knee Flexion Angles Following a Weight-Bearing Rotary Perturbation

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine ◽

10.1097/01.jsm.0000164042.76540.e5 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 167-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Christopher R Carcia ◽

Sandra J Shultz ◽

Kevin P Granata ◽

David H Perrin ◽

RobRoy L Martin

Keyword(s):

Knee Flexion ◽

Weight Bearing

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Antagonistic active knee prosthesis. A metabolic cost of walking comparison with a variable-damping prosthetic knee

2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society ◽

10.1109/iembs.2011.6092102 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

E. C. Martinez-Villalpando ◽

L. Mooney ◽

G. Elliott ◽

H. Herr

Keyword(s):

Knee Prosthesis ◽

Metabolic Cost ◽

Prosthetic Knee ◽

Variable Damping

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An improved above-knee prosthesis with functional versatility

Prosthetics and Orthotics International ◽

10.3109/03093648209166577 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 157-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

K. K. Chaudhry ◽

S. K. Guha ◽

S. K. Verma

Keyword(s):

Knee Flexion ◽

Knee Prosthesis ◽

Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Linkage Mechanism ◽

Rotation System ◽

Functional Versatility ◽

Flexion And Extension

An above-knee prosthesis is described which is designed to permit the patient to assume easily the squatting and sitting cross legged postures which are a part of routine living in Afro-Asian countries. The prosthesis incorporates a multibar linkage mechanism which co-ordinates knee flexion and extension with ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion, and a thigh rotation system fitted at the level of the knee axis.

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A functional comparison of conventional knee–ankle–foot orthoses and a microprocessor-controlled leg orthosis system based on biomechanical parameters

Prosthetics and Orthotics International ◽

10.1177/0309364614546524 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 277-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Thomas Schmalz ◽

Eva Pröbsting ◽

Roland Auberger ◽

Gordon Siewert

Keyword(s):

Knee Flexion ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Swing Phase ◽

Flexion Angle ◽

Foot Orthoses ◽

Joint Moments ◽

Level Walking ◽

Stance Control ◽

Ankle Foot Orthoses ◽

Biomechanical Parameters

Background: The microprocessor-controlled leg orthosis C-Brace enables patients with paretic or paralysed lower limb muscles to use dampened knee flexion under weight-bearing and speed-adapted control of the swing phase. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to investigate the new technical functions of the C-Brace orthosis, based on biomechanical parameters. Study design: The study enrolled six patients. The C-Brace orthosis is compared with conventional leg orthoses (four stance control orthoses, two locked knee–ankle–foot orthoses) using biomechanical parameters of level walking, descending ramps and descending stairs. Methods: Ground reaction forces, joint moments and kinematic parameters were measured for level walking as well as ascending and descending ramps and stairs. Results: With the C-Brace, a nearly natural stance phase knee flexion was measured during level walking (mean value 11° ± 5.6°). The maximum swing phase knee flexion angle of the C-Brace approached the normal value of 65° more closely than the stance control orthoses (66° ± 8.5° vs 74° ± 6.4°). No significant differences in the joint moments were found between the C-Brace and stance control orthosis conditions. In contrast to the conventional orthoses, all patients were able to ambulate ramps and stairs using a step-over-step technique with C-Brace (flexion angle 64.6° ± 8.2° and 70.5° ± 12.4°). Conclusion: The results show that the functions of the C-Brace for situation-dependent knee flexion under weight bearing have been used by patients with a high level of confidence. Clinical relevance The functional benefits of the C-Brace in comparison with the conventional orthotic mechanisms could be demonstrated most clearly for descending ramps and stairs. The C-Brace orthosis is able to combine improved orthotic function with sustained orthotic safety.

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Influence of post-cam design of posterior stabilized knee prosthesis on tibiofemoral motion during high knee flexion

Clinical Biomechanics ◽

10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2011.04.002 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 847-852 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Kun-Jhih Lin ◽

Chang-Hung Huang ◽

Yu-Liang Liu ◽

Wen-Chuan Chen ◽

Tsung-Wei Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knee Flexion ◽

Knee Prosthesis ◽

Posterior Stabilized ◽

Cam Design

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In vivo kinematics of the ACL during weight-bearing knee flexion

Journal of Orthopaedic Research® ◽

10.1016/j.orthres.2004.08.006 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 340-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 132

Author(s):

Guoan Li ◽

Louis E. DeFrate ◽

Harry E. Rubash ◽

Thomas J. Gill

Keyword(s):

Knee Flexion ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

In Vivo Kinematics

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Modelling and Analysis on Biomechanical Dynamic Characteristics of Knee Flexion Movement under Squatting

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/321080 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jianping Wang ◽

Kun Tao ◽

Huanyi Li ◽

Chengtao Wang

Keyword(s):

Knee Flexion ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Knee Prosthesis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Experimental System ◽

Dynamic Contact ◽

Internal Stresses ◽

Fe Model ◽

Total Knee

The model of three-dimensional (3D) geometric knee was built, which included femoral-tibial, patellofemoral articulations and the bone and soft tissues. Dynamic finite element (FE) model of knee was developed to simulate both the kinematics and the internal stresses during knee flexion. The biomechanical experimental system of knee was built to simulate knee squatting using cadaver knees. The flexion motion and dynamic contact characteristics of knee were analyzed, and verified by comparing with the data from in vitro experiment. The results showed that the established dynamic FE models of knee are capable of predicting kinematics and the contact stresses during flexion, and could be an efficient tool for the analysis of total knee replacement (TKR) and knee prosthesis design.

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