Antagonistic active knee prosthesis. A metabolic cost of walking comparison with a variable-damping prosthetic knee

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Martinez-Villalpando ◽  
L. Mooney ◽  
G. Elliott ◽  
H. Herr
Keyword(s):  
Knee Prosthesis ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Prosthetic Knee ◽  
Variable Damping

scholarly journals Design and evaluation of a hybrid passive–active knee prosthesis on energy consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-436
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Wang ◽  
Qiaoling Meng ◽  
Zhewen Zhang ◽  
Jinyue Sun ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Knee Prosthesis ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Knee Prostheses ◽  
Hydraulic Damper ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Energy Consumption Model ◽  
Active Motor ◽  
Damping Torque

Abstract. The existing lower limb prostheses with passive knees have disadvantages, causing an asymmetric gait and higher metabolic cost during level walking which is in contrast with a normal gait. However, most existing active knee prostheses need a significant amount of energy. In this paper, a novel hybrid passive–active knee prosthesis (HPAK) that allows passive and active operating modes is proposed, which contains an active motor unit and a novel hydraulic damper with an electrically controlled valve that adjusts the damping torque dynamically during each gait cycle. An energy consumption model was built to evaluate the energy consumption when walking on level ground in three different simulation conditions to, respectively, simulate the complete HPAK, an ordinary active prosthesis (AKP) and an ordinary passive prosthesis (PKP). The results show that, in a cycle, the HPAK consumes only 16.19 J, which is 3.6 times lower than the AKP (58.95 J), and the PKP consumes only 1.24 J due to the novel spring–hydraulic damper structure designed and presented in this paper. These results indicate that the proposed novel hybrid passive–active knee prosthesis can have a positive effect on reducing energy consumption and improving the approximation of healthy gait characteristics when walking on level ground, contrasting with active or passive knee prostheses.

A Clinical Comparison of Variable-Damping and Mechanically Passive Prosthetic Knee Devices

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 563-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Johansson ◽  
Delsey M. Sherrill ◽  
Patrick O. Riley ◽  
Paolo Bonato ◽  
Hugh Herr
Keyword(s):  
Prosthetic Knee ◽  
Clinical Comparison ◽  
Variable Damping

Design of a Sports Knee Prosthesis

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis J. DiAngelo ◽  
Charles E. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Knee Prosthesis ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Impact Loads ◽  
Computation Model ◽  
Prosthetic Knee ◽  
Locking Mechanism ◽  
Gait Study ◽  
Intact Limb

Abstract Typical walking prostheses maintain stability during stance with a knee locking mechanism; i.e., a frictional device (mechanical brake) or free rotating knee joint (single pinned or multi-link system) held in a hyper-extended orientation (de Vries, 1995). Attempts to jog with a walking prosthesis are difficult and unsafe. A previous gait study of a “pogo-stick” A/K jogging prosthesis found that the device provided alternating periods of support and non-support between the amputated and non-amputated sides, but required greater energy expenditure from the intact limb and induced larger impact loads (DiAngelo et al., 1989). A computer modeling technique was used to design a multi-link above-knee (A/K) prosthesis that provided continuous, controlled knee flexion during weight bearing and free knee rotation during swing. Aspects of the design were improved energy expenditure, symmetrical gait, and reduced impact loading. Biomechanical data for the computation model was obtained from a gait study of an A/K amputee jogger. The objective of the study was to develop prosthetic knee that provided continuous knee flexion throughout weight bearing and free rotation during swing.

scholarly journals Neural Network Predictive Control of Swing Phase for a Variable-Damping Knee Prosthesis With Novel Hydraulic Valve

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 201622-201634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Wang ◽  
Qiaoling Meng ◽  
He Lan ◽  
Zhang Zhewen ◽  
Changlong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Knee Prosthesis ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Variable Damping ◽  
Neural Network Predictive Control ◽  
Hydraulic Valve

The effects of the ‘Power Knee’ prosthesis on amputees metabolic cost of walking and symmetry of gait—Preliminary results

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. S38 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Cutti ◽  
M. Raggi ◽  
P. Garofalo ◽  
A. Giovanardi ◽  
M.V. Filippi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Prosthesis ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Preliminary Results

scholarly journals Modular Design of a Passive, Low-Cost Prosthetic Knee Mechanism to Enable Able-Bodied Kinematics for Users With Transfemoral Amputation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly A. Berringer ◽  
Paige J. Boehmcke ◽  
Jason Z. Fischman ◽  
Athena Y. Huang ◽  
Youngjun Joh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
User Testing ◽  
Transfemoral Amputation ◽  
Prosthetic Knee ◽  
Adjustable Mechanism ◽  
Transfemoral Amputees

There is a significant need for low-cost, high-performance prosthetic knee technology for transfemoral amputees in India. Replicating able-bodied gait in amputees is biomechanically necessary to reduce the metabolic cost, and it is equally important to mitigate the socio-economic discrimination faced by amputees in developing countries due to their conspicuous gait deviations. This paper improves upon a previous study of a fully passive knee mechanism, addressing the issues identified in its user testing in India. This paper presents the design, analysis and bench-level testing of the three major functional modules of the new prosthetic knee architecture: (i) a four-bar latch mechanism for achieving stability during stance phase of walking, (ii) an early stance flexion module designed by implementing a fully adjustable mechanism, and (iii) a hydraulic rotary damping system for achieving smooth and reliable swing-phase control.

The effect of damping in prosthetic ankle and knee joints on the biomechanical outcomes: A literature review

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Safaeepour ◽  
Arezoo Eshraghi ◽  
Mark Geil
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Prosthetic Knee ◽  
Variable Damping ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
Prosthetic Knees

Background:Given the growing number of variable-damping prosthetic knee and ankle components and broad number of potential biomechanical outcomes, a systematic review is needed to assess advantages of damped knee and ankle units over non-damped prostheses.Objectives:This study provides an overview of the biomechanical outcomes associated with the use of prosthetic knees and ankles with damping mechanisms in individuals with lower limb amputation.Study design:Literature review.Methods:A systematic search was performed through PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus databases from June 1994 to March 2016. The level of evidence of each article was assessed using a 13-element checklist for evaluating non-randomized controlled trials for quality assessment. Afterward, the studies were classified as A-level, B-level, or C-level based on total score and positive scores from certain key categories.Results:In total, 22 papers remained for the quality assessment based on the inclusion criteria. In total, 15 studies scored sufficiently high quality scores to be classified. One article scored as A-level, eight as B-level, and six as C-level. In total, 10 studied knees and 5 examined ankles. Sample sizes ranged from 5 to 28 subjects.Conclusion:Available studies were evaluated in detail and biomechanical outcomes were extracted from the studies that met criteria. Results of this review indicate that study methodology and outcome measures were heterogeneous across reviewed papers. This could be an explanation for inconsistent findings of the reviewed studies. Only self-selected gait speed showed a consistent difference when dampers were applied to the leg. Thus, further research is required in this area.Clinical relevanceThis study provides an overview of evidence related to prosthetic knee and foot/ankle components with damping attachments. Research related to biomechanical outcomes is of great importance for researchers and practitioners in this area. The studies drew mixed conclusions, but walking speed was consistently different for damped versus non-damped components.

Analysis of locomotor adaptations in young children with limb loss in an early prosthetic knee prescription protocol

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Geil ◽  
Colleen Coulter
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Knee Prosthesis ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Clinical Protocols ◽  
Full Extension ◽  
Walking Gait ◽  
Prosthetic Knee ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Locomotor Adaptations

Background: Traditionally, clinical protocols for the treatment of young children who require a knee prosthesis have favored stability, with the prosthetic knee locked into full extension until after the child has learned to walk. Recently, an Early Knee protocol has been investigated, in which children receive an articulating knee in their first prosthesis and use it while learning to crawl and walk. Objectives: This study investigated the presence of swing phase clearance adaptations in the walking gait of seven young children aged 18–92 months, who had been fitted according to the Early Knee protocol. Study design: Before-and-after experimental design. Methods: Each subject completed walking trials with the knee freely flexing and trials with the knee locked into full extension to mimic a traditional knee protocol. Results: Subjects utilized the articulating knee in walking, with an average of 70.4° of peak swing phase knee flexion. Some clearance adaptations were present with the flexing knee; more were present and their magnitude was increased when the knee was locked. In particular, there was a statistically significant increase in circumduction. Conclusions: These results suggest that the Early Knee protocol can reduce the adoption of clearance adaptations while walking is developing. Clinical relevance Treatment of young children who require a knee prosthesis is inconsistent. Traditionally, no knee is provided until independent walking is achieved. A newer Early Knee protocol provides an articulating knee in the first prosthesis. This study found that children use the articulating knee in walking and develop fewer clearance adaptations.

An above-knee prosthesis with magnetorheological variable-damping

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Ochoa-Diaz ◽  
Thiago S. Rocha ◽  
Lucas de Levy Oliveira ◽  
Miguel G. Paredes ◽  
Rafael Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Prosthesis ◽  
Variable Damping
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