Flaw Proximity Rules for Parallel Planar Flaws Under Limit Load Conditions

Author(s):  
Sam Ranganath ◽  
Bob Carter ◽  
Francis Ku ◽  
Marcos Herrera

This paper describes the evaluation of adjacent cracks (including parallel cracks in different planes) from a limit load perspective. The proposed approach complements the current ASME Code rules that are largely based on linear elastic fracture mechanics considerations. The evaluation considers limit load analysis and is validated by comparison with test data. In particular the paper provides criteria to determine load capability of structures with offset cracks in parallel planes. The objective of the work was to provide criteria for the evaluation of reactor internals, but the results can be applied to evaluate cracking in ductile pressure boundary piping also.

Author(s):  
Amy J. Smith ◽  
Keshab K. Dwivedy

ASME Code Section XI Nonmandatory Appendix C [1] formalized evaluation of flaws in piping for justification of continued service of piping components with an identified crack-like flaw. The revision of this appendix in 2004 was a significant improvement in the evaluation methodology for both flawed austenitic stainless steel and ferritic steel pipe depending upon the failure mode governed by limit load (fully plastic), elastic-plastic fracture mechanics, or linear elastic fracture mechanics. The appendix also provides a screening procedure to determine failure mechanism and a procedure for flaw modeling based on the estimated flaw size at the end of a specified evaluation period. The purpose of this paper is to propose an improvement to the limit load method applicable to screened-in carbon steel, wrought stainless steel base material, stainless steel weld material with nonflux weld, and cast products in which the ferrite content is less than twenty percent. In addition, changes in the formulation are proposed to extend the methodology to non-crack-like flaws. Both crack-like and non-crack-like circumferential flaws in the piping are analyzed to simplify formulation for flaw evaluation. The paper concludes that the proposed formulation improves efficiency of the application of Appendix C methodology for crack-like flaw and non-crack-like flaw evaluations.


Author(s):  
Phuong H. Hoang ◽  
Gery M. Wilkowski

Section XI of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code provides rules and requirements for maintaining pressure boundary integrity of piping during the life of a nuclear power plant. Evaluation procedures and acceptance criteria for the evaluation of flaws in nuclear piping in Section XI of the ASME Code were first published in 1983 and have been under revision for the past several years. The evaluation procedures and acceptance criteria cover: failure by plastic collapse as characterized by limit load analysis; fracture due to ductile tearing prior to attainment of limit load, as characterized by elastic-plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM) analysis; and brittle fracture as characterized by linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) analysis. A major revision to the evaluation procedures and acceptance criteria was published in the 2002 Addenda to Section XI. A brief overview of the pipe flaw evaluation procedures published in the 2002 Addenda are provided in the paper. The evaluation procedures that were published in the 2002 Addenda have been validated against the results of a large number of pipe fracture experiments. The results of this validation exercise are summarized in this paper.


Author(s):  
Hardayal S. Mehta ◽  
George Inch ◽  
Shashi Dhar

The Mid-core shroud weld (H4 weld) at a BWR plant was inspected during refueling outages in 1998 (RF06) and 2000 (RF07). A structural margin evaluation considering 2000 inspection results for this weld provided technical justification for continued operation to at least the fuel cycle ending in 2002. IGSCC mitigation measures were implemented during operation through 2002. Therefore, a factor of two improvement in the assumed crack growth rate in the depth direction has been applied for operation between 2002 and 2004. The objectives of this paper are to describe the structural evaluation methodology used and describe the results of the evaluation in support of continued operation of H4 weld to 2004. Structural margins for continued operation of H4 weld to 2004 were evaluated two ways. First, the limit load calculations were conducted for a configuration in which through-wall flaws were assumed in regions where the ID surface fluence in 2004 exceeded 3×1020 n/cm2. Since all of the areas taken credit for had a fluence less than the threshold value of 3×1020 n/cm2, a limit load evaluation constituted a complete structural margin evaluation and no linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) or elastic plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM) evaluations were necessary. Secondly, LEFM and EPFM calculations were conducted for the assumed configuration in which through-wall cracking was assumed where the ID surface fluence exceeded 5×1020 n/cm2. The calculated safety factor for the nominal case was determined to be 4.98, which exceeds the required value of 2.77. To demonstrate structural margin in the LEFM regime, a configuration similar to the limit load nominal case was used except that through-wall cracking was assumed in regions where ID fluence exceeded 5×1020 n/cm2 instead of 3×1020 n/cm2. The calculated value of the highest stress intensity factor was 49.2 ksi√in that is less than the allowable value of 54.2 ksi√in. Additional evaluation with EPFM was also conducted to demonstrate higher available structural margins. The EPFM evaluation was conducted by first determining an equivalent single through-wall flaw to conservatively model the LEFM configuration. The applied J-integral values were calculated using the EPRI ductile fracture handbook. A conservative material J-T curve corresponding to a fluence level of 5×1020 n/cm2 was used in the evaluation. The EPFM evaluation showed the structural margin for this case to be 4.0, which exceeds the required value of 2.77. Based on the results of these limit load, LEFM and EPFM structural margin evaluations, it was concluded that the required structural margins will be maintained at the H4 weld for operation through year 2004.


Author(s):  
Douglas A. Scarth ◽  
Gery M. Wilkowski ◽  
Russell C. Cipolla ◽  
Sushil K. Daftuar ◽  
Koichi K. Kashima

Section XI of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code provides rules and requirements for maintaining pressure boundary integrity of components, piping, and equipment during the life of a nuclear power plant. Evaluation procedures and acceptance criteria for the evaluation of flaws in nuclear piping in Section XI of the ASME Code were first published in 1983 and have been under revision for the past several years. This paper provides an overview of the procedures and acceptance criteria for pipe flaw evaluation in Section XI. Both planar and nonplanar flaws are addressed by Section XI. The evaluation procedures and acceptance criteria cover: failure by plastic collapse as characterized by limit load analysis; fracture due to ductile tearing prior to attainment of limit load, as characterized by elastic-plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM) analysis; and brittle fracture as characterized by linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) analysis. A major revision to the evaluation procedures and acceptance criteria was published in the 2002 Addenda to Section XI. Evaluation procedures and acceptance criteria in the 2001 Edition, as well as the revisions in the 2002 Addenda, are described in this paper. Code Cases that address evaluation of wall thinning in piping systems, as well as temporary acceptance of flaws in moderate energy piping systems, are also described.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoliang Jia ◽  
Zhiwei Chen ◽  
Fang Ji

Abstract High strength steel is usually used in fabrication of hydrogen storage vessel. The fracture toughness of high strength steel will be decreased and the crack sensitivity of the structures will be increased when high strength steels are applied in hydrogen environment with high pressure. Hence, the small cracks on the surface of pressure vessel may grow rapidly then lead to rupture. Therefore, this paper makes a series of research on how to evaluate the 4130X steel hydrogen storage vessel with fracture mechanics. This study is based on the assumption that there is a semi-elliptic crack on internal surface of hydrogen storage vessel. First of all, based on linear elastic fracture mechanics, the stress intensity factors and crack tolerance of 4130X steel hydrogen storage vessel have been calculated by means of finite element method based on interaction integral theory and polynomial-approximated approach from GB/T 34019 Ultra-high pressure vessels. Then, a comparative study has been made from the results of above methods to find out the difference between them. At last, the fatigue life of a 4130X steel hydrogen storage vessel has been predicted based on linear elastic fracture mechanics and Paris formula. The calculation methods and analysis conclusion can be used to direct the design and manufacture of hydrogen storage vessel.


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