Experimental otitis media after nasal inoculation of Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza A virus in chinchillas

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-450
Author(s):  
G S Giebink ◽  
I K Berzins ◽  
S C Marker ◽  
G Schiffman
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Ear Effusion

Otitis media developed in 67% of chinchillas inoculated intranasally with type 7 Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza A virus. Only 4% of chinchillas inoculated with influenza alone and 21% of chinchillas inoculated with S. pneumoniae alone developed otitis media. Among the chinchillas that developed otitis media after inoculation with both pneumococcus and influenza, 73% of the affected ears contained effusion, and 27% of the affected ears showed tympanic membrane inflammation without middle ear effusion obtained on paracentesis. Although a majority of the ears with effusion yielded S. pneumoniae on culture, one-third of the effusions were sterile for aerobic bacteria. This model resembles conditions accompanying otitis media in humans and suggests that respiratory viral infection contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of acute otitis media.

Tobacco Smoke and Otitis Media in the Chinchilla Model

1994 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Antonelli ◽  
Kathleen A. Daly ◽  
Steven K. Juhn ◽  
Erik J. Veum ◽  
George L. Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Ear Effusion

To determine whether tobacco smoke contributes to the pathogenesis of acute otitis media, chinchillas were exposed to mainstream tobacco smoke or sham conditions (cigarettes not lit) In a Walton smoke exposure machine for 20-minute cycles two or three times daily. After 6 to 8 weeks of daily exposure. 12 chinchillas were nasally injected with Streptococcus pneumoniae, and 18 chinchillas were injected into both middle ears with nontypable Haemophilus Influenzae. Smoke or sham exposures were continued for 2 to 4 weeks after injection. Otitis media developed in none of the 12 nasally injected chinchillas and in all 18 chinchillas whose middle ears were injected with nontypable Haemophilus Influenzae. Persistence of middle ear effusion and persistence of nontypable Haemophils Influenzae in the middle ear effusion were not different between the smoke- and sham-exposed groups. This suggests that mainstream smoke exposure does not change the natural course of otitis media in the chinchilla model.

scholarly journals The management of acute otitis media

1984 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 53-54
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Painful Condition ◽  
Ear Effusion

Acute suppurative otitis media (AOM) is a common, painful condition affecting 20% of children under 4 years at least once a year,1 and perhaps more in infancy when clinical examination is most difficult. Infectious complications such as mastoiditis, meningitis and cerebral abscess are now rare, but chronic middle ear effusion and hearing loss remain common. Hearing loss may persist long after the infective episode,2 and may impair learning.

scholarly journals Characterization of bacteria causing acute otitis media using Raman microspectroscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1864-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. D. Ayala ◽  
C. A. Wakeman ◽  
I. J. Pence ◽  
C. M. O'Brien ◽  
J. A. Werkhaven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Raman Microspectroscopy ◽  
Bacterial Identification ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Ear Effusion

Raman microspectroscopy was used to characterize and identify the three main pathogens that cause acute otitis media (AOM)in vitro. Cultured middle ear effusion from patients was studied and results suggest the potential of using this technique to aid in accurately diagnosing AOM and providing physicians with bacterial identification to guide treatment.

Disappearance of middle ear effusion in acute otitis media monitored daily with tympanometry

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjo Renko ◽  
Tero Kontiokari ◽  
Katariina Jounio-Ervasti ◽  
Heikki Rantala ◽  
Matti Uhari
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Ear Effusion

scholarly journals Tympanostomy Tube Selection: A Review of the Evidence

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Ho Sandra ◽  
David J Kay
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Tympanostomy Tube ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Surgeon Experience ◽  
Ear Effusion

ABSTRACT Tympanostomy tube (TT) insertion for ventilation of the middle ear is one of most commonly performed procedures in the United States. Indications for tube insertion include otitis media with effusion, recurrent acute otitis media, hearing loss caused by middle ear effusion and persistent acute otitis media. In general, TTs are divided into two categories, short-term tubes and long-term tubes. Depending on the indications for tube placement and surgeon experience with the TT, different tubes can be used. A myriad of tubes have been created since their first documented use in 1845 in attempts to provide better middle ear ventilation, improve ease of placement and prevent complications, such as post-tube otorrhea, persistent perforation and tube occlusion. In order for a tube to be effective, it should be biocompatible with the middle ear to minimize a foreign body reaction. Teflon and silicone remain two of the most commonly used materials in TTs. In addition, the tube design also plays a role for insertion and retention times of TTs. Lastly, TTs can also be coated with various substances, such as silver-oxide, phosphorylcholine and more recently, antibiotics and albumin, in order to prevent biofilm formation and decrease the rate of post-TT otorrhea. Persistent middle ear effusion affects many children each year and can impact their quality of life as well as hearing and language development. With nearly 1 out of every 15 children by the age of 3 years receiving TTs, it is imperative that the right tube be chosen to facilitate optimal ventilation of the middle ear while minimizing complications. How to cite this article Ho S, Kay DJ. Tympanostomy Tube Selection: A Review of the Evidence. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(1):17-22.

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