Morphology and molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in wild and cultivated yew (Taxus baccata)

Taxus baccata L. roots collected from two sites in southern Germany were heavily colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The colonization pattern was of the Paris type. The diversity of the colonizing AMF species was investigated using polymerase chain reaction based molecular techniques. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the DNA from AMF within the roots was amplified using Glomeromycota-specific primers and then cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis using a data set of 5.8S rDNA sequences from a wide range of glomeralean taxa as well as data sets of partial ITS2 sequences from glomeralean subgroups indicated root colonization by four sequence types of Glomus and one sequence type of Archaeospora. These sequence types are distinct from any previously published sequences and differed between the two study sites.Key words: arbuscular mycorrhiza, Paris-type AM, molecular diversity, ribosomal internal transcribed spacers, Taxus baccata.

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Evidence of Differences between the Communities of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Colonizing Galls and Roots of Prunus persica Infected by the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.05577-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 77 (24) ◽

pp. 8656-8661 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Maria del Mar Alguacil ◽

Emma Torrecillas ◽

Zenaida Lozano ◽

Antonio Roldán

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Sequence Type ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Data Set ◽

Content Type ◽

Sequence Types

ABSTRACTArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play important roles as plant protection agents, reducing or suppressing nematode colonization. However, it has never been investigated whether the galls produced in roots by nematode infection are colonized by AMF. This study tested whether galls produced byMeloidogyne incognitainfection inPrunus persicaroots are colonized by AMF. We also determined the changes in AMF composition and biodiversity mediated by infection with this root-knot nematode. DNA from galls and roots of plants infected byM. incognitaand from roots of noninfected plants was extracted, amplified, cloned, and sequenced using AMF-specific primers. Phylogenetic analysis using the small-subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) data set revealed 22 different AMF sequence types (17Glomussequence types, 3Paraglomussequence types, 1Scutellosporasequence type, and 1Acaulosporasequence type). The highest AMF diversity was found in uninfected roots, followed by infected roots and galls. This study indicates that the galls produced inP. persicaroots due to infection withM. incognitawere colonized extensively by a community of AMF, belonging to the families Paraglomeraceae and Glomeraceae, that was different from the community detected in roots. Although the function of the AMF in the galls is still unknown, we hypothesize that they act as protection agents against opportunistic pathogens.

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