On the vascular anatomy and stomates of the lodicules of Zea mays

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thompson Demetrio Pizzolato
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Transfer Cells ◽  
Tracheary Elements ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Xylem Parenchyma ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Companion Cells ◽  
Sieve Tubes

The four lodicules of the male spikelet of Zea mays L. are supplied by one, two, or three traces. In the lower regions of the traces intermediary cells and a few phloem transfer cells occur with the companion cells and sieve tubes. Xylem transfer cells with a variety of wall thickenings intermingle in the lower regions of the traces with tracheary elements. Tracheary elements and sieve tubes in this region do not touch but are separated by the phloem and xylem parenchyma. As the lodicule trace nears the base of the lodicule, intermediary cells and transfer cells diminish. A bundle sheath surrounds the lodicule trace but does not surround the minor veins of the lodicule proper. Within the lodicule proper the trace branches prolifically, and the minor veins become peripherally placed. Most of the minor veins contain vessels and sieve tubes but a few contain sieve tubes alone. Companion cells occur in some veins but not in others. Vessels and sieve tubes frequently touch each other. Many minor veins end simultaneously in sieve elements and tracheary elements but some end in one or the other cell type. Parenchyma cells with wrinkled walls occur near the minor veins. The abaxial epidermis of the upper regions of the lodicule contains stomates.

scholarly journals Lignification of developing maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm transfer cells and starchy endosperm cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Rocha ◽  
Paulo Monjardino ◽  
Duarte Mendonça ◽  
Artur da Câmara Machado ◽  
Rui Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Transfer Cells ◽  
Starchy Endosperm ◽  
Endosperm Transfer Cells

Development of flange and reticulate wall ingrowths in maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm transfer cells

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 250 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Monjardino ◽  
Sara Rocha ◽  
Ana C. Tavares ◽  
Rui Fernandes ◽  
Paula Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Transfer Cells ◽  
Wall Ingrowths ◽  
Endosperm Transfer Cells

Anatomical effects of 2,4-DB on tomato internodes

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1749-1760
Author(s):  
Thompson Demetrio Pizzolato ◽  
David L. Regehr
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Sieve Tube ◽  
Tracheary Elements ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Companion Cells ◽  
Sieve Tubes ◽  
Secondary Wall Formation ◽  
Sieve Plates ◽  
Internal Phloem ◽  
Stimulation Of

Anatomical changes induced in the first internode by an aqueous spray of 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4-DB) (0.56 kg acid equivalent per hectare) confirmed the intolerance of tomato to this herbicide. Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and plastid destruction occurred rapidly in most tissues. Many of the hyperplastic phloem cells differentiated into unusual supernumerary sieve tube members which were shorter and narrower than normal and which approximated the size of the co-differentiating companion cells. The supernumerary sieve tube members usually possessed several sieve plates and formed sieve tubes which did not follow a vertical course. Although obliteration of the supernumerary sieve tube members was stimulated, it was not associated with the formation of necrotic masses. Secondary wall formation was prevented in the protophloem fibers which became multiseptate following the stimulation of mitoses. The cambial initials were converted into a tissue of squat cells with little organization. Xylem which differentiated after treatment lost its normal heterogeneity and became a tissue of squat tracheary elements and parenchyma with scanty secondary thickening resembling wound xylem. Included phloem differentiated from parenchymatous masses within the xylem, and tylosis formation was stimulated. Pith volume increased by hypertrophy unaccompanied by hyperplasia. Although protophloem fibers did not mature in the internal phloem and limited hyperplasia and hypertrophy did occur, the internal phloem was much less affected than the external. Similarities between the anatomical effects of 2,4-DB and those reported for certain growth regulators and pathogens were noted.

Branch roots of young maize seedlings, their production, growth, and phloem supply from the primary root

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda C. Enns ◽  
Margaret E. McCully ◽  
Martin J. Canny
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Linear Density ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Production Growth ◽  
Basal Branch ◽  
Sieve Tubes

Branch root development on the primary root of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings was followed for 9 d after planting. This period includes the shift from seedling heterotrophy to autotrophy. Linear density of branches in the basal region ranged from ~38 cm–1 at the base to ~10 cm–1 beyond 10 cm. Branch roots in the first ~8 cm were produced before assimilate was available. Branch length decreased from ~26 mm at 1 cm along the primary root to ~8 mm at 10 cm from the base. Without the cotyledon, branch root density in the basal region was ~10 cm–1 and roots were short (~5 mm). Beyond 8–10 cm both measurements matched those of intact seedlings. Dark-grown seedlings had basal branch root densities higher than those without cotyledons but none beyond 10 cm. There were more and smaller diameter sieve tubes in the basal region of the primary root. These decreased distally in number but had larger diameters where branches formed after assimilate was available. Proliferation of basal branch roots in very young seedlings can have major advantages for successful seedling establishment in the field and could be screened for without difficulty.

Aspects of Vascular Anatomy and Differentiation of Vascular Tissues and Transfer Cells in Vegetative Nodes of Wheat

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH Busby ◽  
TP O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Transfer Cells ◽  
Mature Leaf ◽  
Tracheary Elements ◽  
Vascular Tissues ◽  
Wall Ingrowth ◽  
Mature Node

Xylem transfer cells are strongly developed in the departing leaf traces of the mature wheat node. Their differentiation is initiated soon after the appearance of the first tracheary elements in these bundles. and wall ingrowth development reaches its peak just as the leaf to which the bundle belongs becomes fully expanded. It is suggested that the xylem transfer cells play an important role in redirecting solutes travelling in the xylem of the mature leaf to the developing leaves at the shoot apex. It is further suggested that they form an integral part of the normal xylem transpiration pathway, compensating for xylem restrictions and discontinuities in the mature node. Phloem transfer cells also appear very early in the differentiation of the nodal vasculature, although their function remains obscure.

Influence de l'âge sur les caractéristiques photosynthétiques de la feuille de maïs, Zea mays L

Agronomie ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier BETHENOD ◽  
Christine JACOB ◽  
Jean-Claude RODE ◽  
Jean-François MOROT-GAUDRY
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L

PRODUKTIVITAS PUPUK ORGANIK TERHADAP HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L) DI TANAH MINERAL

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-326
Author(s):  
Yoyon Riono.
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L

Penelitian tentang pengaruh pemberian produktivitas pupuk organik terhadap hasil Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L) di tanah mineral penelitian ini di laksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai Mei, yang bertempat di Sungai Salak Kecsmstsn Tempuling Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Provinsi Riau. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang disusun secara faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor dan 3 ulangan. Faktor B adalah bokashi pupuk kandang yang terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu B0 (tanpa pemberianpupuk kandang), B1 (5 ton/ha) dan B2 (10 tom/ ha), serta B3 (15 ton/ha) Parameter yang di amati adalah tinggi tanaman, panjang daun ke tujuh, berat brangkasan basah, berat berangkasan kering, berat tongkol pertanaman sampel, diameter tongkol , produksi per plot, dan berat 100 biji. Selanjutnya data yang di peroleh di olah secara statistik, apabila F hitung lebih besar dari F tabel di lanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Tukey HSD pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa interaksi bokashi pupuk kandang dan varietas berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat tongkol dan produksi dan produksi per plot, akan tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, panjang daun ke tujuh, berat brangkasan basah, berat brangkasan kering , diameter tongkol dan berat 1000 biji. Untuk perlakuan bokashi pupuk kandang secara tunggal berpengaruh nyata terhadap terhadap diameter tongkol , akan tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, panjang daun ke tujuh, berat brangkasan basah, berat brangkasan kering, berat tongkol, produksi per plot, dan berat 1000 biji, perlakuan bokashi terbaik terdapat pada pemberian 15 ton/ha. Sedangkan perlakuan varietas secara tunggal berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat brangkasan basah, berat tongkol, dan produksi per plot seta berat 1000 biji, akan tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan tinggi tanaman, panjang daun ke tujuh, berat brangkasan kering, dan diameter tongkol. Varietass terbaik adalah NT 10

Relaciones genéticas en muestras de razas mexicanas de maíz (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Angel Barrera Guzman ◽  
Juan Porfirio Legaria Solano
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Palabras Clave

Objetivo: Caracterizar muestras representativas de razas mexicanas de maíz con marcadores moleculares ISSR, que ayuden a inferir relaciones genéticas vinculadas a su origen, morfología, aspectos ecogeográficos, distribución y usos. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se emplearon 54 muestras representativas de razas mexicanas de maíz caracterizadas con diez marcadores moleculares ISSR. Las distancias genéticas se calcularon con el coeficiente Dice y se generó un dendrograma con el método de agrupamiento jerárquico de varianza mínima de Ward. Para visualizar las muestras en dos dimensiones se efectúo un Análisis de Coordenadas Principales con el método de varianza mínima estandarizada. Resultados: En 76 loci detectados, el análisis de agrupamiento con una R2 semiparcial de 0.04 formó cinco grupos que compartieron características filogenéticas, ecogeográficas, morfoagronómicas, de distribución y usos especiales. El análisis de coordenadas principales mostró 21.2 % de la variación total para las dos primeras coordenadas. La primera coordenada principal explicó el 12.43 % de la variación total y separó las muestras por ubicación geográfica y usos especiales; la segunda coordenada principal explicó el 8.77 % de la variación total y separó las muestras por rangos altitudinales y ciclo biológico. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: Se empleó únicamente una muestra representativa por cada raza de maíz, considerando la variabilidad genética de este cultivo se deben incluir más muestras de la misma raza. Hallazgos/conclusiones: Las relaciones genéticas entre las muestras de razas de maíz obedecen a patrones altitudinales y geográficos; aunque algunos agrupamientos compartieron aspectos filogenéticos, morfoagronómicos, de distribución y usos. Palabras clave: Variabilidad genética, recursos fitogenéticos, caracterización molecular, clasificación integral.

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