Absence of Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase (AHH) in Three Marine Bivalves

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 643-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Vandermeulen ◽  
W. R. Penrose
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Mya Arenaria ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Marine Bivalves ◽  
Demethylase Activity

Bivalves exposed to short-term (4 d) and long-term (6 yr) oil pollution were assayed for aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and N-demethylase activity. Short-term induction studies were carried out on Mya arenaria, Mytilus edulis, and Ostrea edulis incubated in aqueous extracts of Kuwait crude oil or Bunker C (fuel) oil. For the chronic-induction studies Mya arenaria and Mytilus edulis were collected from oiled clam beds (Arrow Bunker C) in Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia. None of the bivalves showed any basal or petroleum-hydrocarbon-induced aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase or N-demethylase activity, as shown by their inability to metabolize benzopyrene or imipramine. In contrast, oil-free control trout and trout taken from a polluted lake readily metabolized both these compounds. The inability of these bivalves to degrade petroleum aromatic hydrocarbons and the tendency of these compounds to accumulate in their tissues present an opportunity for transfer of unaltered hydrocarbons into the food chain. Key words: aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, aromatic hydrocarbon, bivalve, Mya arenaria, Mytilus edulis, Ostrea edulis, petroleum, pollution

PERSISTENCE OF NON-ALKANE COMPONENTS OF BUNKER C OIL IN BEACH SEDIMENTS OF CHEDABUCTO BAY, AND LACK OF THEIR METABOLISM BY MOLLUSCS.

1977 ◽  
Vol 1977 (1) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Vandermeulen ◽  
P.D. Keizer ◽  
W. R. Penrose
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Mya Arenaria ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Beach Sediments ◽  
Oil Exposure

ABSTRACT Analysis of cores from a continuously oiled beach shows that seven-year-old stranded Bunker C fuel oil re-entering the beach substrate is rapidly degraded. This weathering occurs throughout the top 15 cms of the beach sediments. The aromatic and cyclo-alkane components, however, appear resistant and unaltered. Thus the beach sediments act as effective n-alkane filters, but simultaneously become enriched with aromatic hydrocarbons. Bivalves from these oiled sediments, and from other non-oiled areas, were assayed for their ability to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons, and for their ability to respond to oil exposure by induced elevated levels of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH). Both non-oiled Mya arenaria, Mytilus edulis, and Ostrea edulis esposed to aquenous extracts of Kuwait crude and a Bunker C fuel oil, and M. arenaria and M. edulis from Arrow Bunker C oiled sediments lacked the AHH system, as shown by their inability to hydroxylate benzo(a)pyrene or demethylate 14C-imipramine. Discussion is centered on the implications of this metabolic inability to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons in bivalves residing in aromatic enriched sediments.

Induction of Cytochrome P450 IA1 in Mouse Hepatoma Cells as a Short-term Bioassay

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
Sirpa Karenlampi ◽  
Riitta Törrönen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Erod Activity ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Mouse Hepatoma ◽  
Tcdd Equivalents ◽  
Quantitative Bioassay

The inducibility of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) in mouse hepatoma Hepa-1 cell culture has been used as a quantitative bioassay for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (TCDD). The detection limit was 0.5pM TCDD. The basal AHH activity was about 2U/mg protein, and the maximally induced activity was about 100U/mg protein. ED50 for TCDD was 7pM. Similar data were obtained using 7-ethoxyresorufin as a substrate (EROD activity). Extraction of several consumer paper products with acetone gave an uncharacterised mixture of AHH inducers. The estimated TCDD (equivalents) in these extracts varied between 0 and 42pg/g of paper.

Delayed mortality following thermal stress in three species of intertidal pelecypod molluscs (Modiolus demissus, Mya arenaria, and Mytilus edulis)

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1658-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Waugh
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Mya Arenaria ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Delayed Mortality

Determination of delayed mortality following thermal stress in three species of intertidal pelecypod molluscs (Modiolus demissue, Mya arenaria, and Mytilus edulis) shows that substantial mortality may occur for some considerable interval following removal of a potentially lethal thermal stress. In general, delayed mortality is greater in short-term bioassays (< 96 h) than in long-term bioassays (> 96 h). Moreover, the extent of delayed mortality is evident much earlier in bioassays lasting less than 12 h than in longer bioassays.These observations are discussed in relation to the determination of levels of safety for environmental pollutants.

The Petroleum-Inducible Mixed-Function Oxidase of Cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus Walbaum 1792): Some Characteristics Relevant to Hydrocarbon Monitoring

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1547-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Walton ◽  
W. R. Penrose ◽  
J. M. Green
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Petroleum Contamination ◽  
Mixed Function Oxidase ◽  
Tautogolabrus Adspersus ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase ◽  
Mussel Tissue ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aryl Hydroxylase

The hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase of the cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus) is a sensitive indicator of petroleum contamination. This fish is a particularly favorable species because of its limited home range and ease of capture. Oil concentrations of 1–2 mg/L in water caused two- to sixfold induction of the enzyme above uninduced levels; induction decayed in < 7 d after exposure ceased. Feeding of crude oil or mussel tissue contaminated with oil at a concentration of 500 mg/kg caused up to fivefold induction. Males maintained a constant specific activity of aryl hydroxylase through the season, but females had a decreased activity before spawning. Starvation may also have reduced AHH activity. Correlations with liver and body weight were not observed. 2,5-Diphenyloxazole was found to be a safe substitute for benzo[a]pyrene in the assay. Key words: cunner, mixed function oxidase, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, oil pollution, monitoring, biochemistry

Oil pollution and fisheries

1982 ◽  
Vol 297 (1087) ◽  
pp. 401-411 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Local Impacts ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Long Term Adverse Effects

The term ‘pollution’ is taken in its broadest sense and effects are recognized to be due to interference, tainting and toxicity. Each of these types of impact is discussed and assessed. It is concluded that no long-term adverse effects on fish stocks can be attributed to oil but that local impacts can be extremely damaging in the short term and that produce from specific localities can be tainted and unmarketable for long periods. In some coastal areas oil can be one among several contributors to reduced water quality, and the implications of this are discussed.

scholarly journals Genetic Regulation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase Induction

1973 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Nebert ◽  
Hideo Kon
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase ◽  
Aryl Hydrocarbon

scholarly journals Changes of Heart Rate and Lipid Composition in Mytilus Edulis and Modiolus Modiolus Caused by Crude Oil Pollution and Low Salinity Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-60
Author(s):  
Igor Bakhmet ◽  
Natalia Fokina ◽  
Tatiana Ruokolainen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Blue Mussels ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Crude Oil Pollution ◽  
Modiolus Modiolus

Blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, inhabiting tidal zones, are naturally exposed to fluctuating environmental conditions (e.g., fluctuations in temperature and salinities), while horse mussels, Modiolus modiolus, live under relatively invariable shelf water conditions. The present investigation tested the hypothesis: blue mussels, in comparison to horse mussels, have an increased ability to tolerate the stress of pollution combined with low salinity. To assess the response of blue mussels and horse mussels to oil pollution at seawater salinities of 25 psu (normal) and 15 psu (low), we used a combination of heart rate and lipid composition as physiological and biochemical indicators, respectively. A sharp decrease in heart rate as well as important fluctuations in cardiac activity was observed under all oil concentrations. Modifications in the concentrations of the main membrane lipid classes (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and cholesterol) and storage lipids (primarily triacylglycerols) in response to different crude oil concentrations were time- and dose-dependent. Both chosen indicators showed a high sensitivity to crude oil contamination. Furthermore, both bivalve species showed similar responses to oil pollution, suggesting a universal mechanism for biochemical adaptation to crude oil pollution.

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